{"id":157348,"date":"2023-05-12T01:22:42","date_gmt":"2023-05-12T01:22:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/?p=157348"},"modified":"2024-12-10T17:31:10","modified_gmt":"2024-12-10T23:31:10","slug":"child-obesity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/health\/child-obesity\/","title":{"rendered":"Science of the future to combat childhood obesity"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The problem is a large one, affecting us since childhood. According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/lac\/media\/36911\/file\/Case%20study:%20Mexico.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">United Nations Children\u2019s Fund<\/a> (UNICEF), <strong>one in three Mexicans under the age of 19 was overweight<\/strong> in 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Over the past decade, the onset of obesity has occurred at increasingly earlier ages, thus impacting key development stages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Paradoxically, some of the tools that science proposes to solve the problem are small but powerful ones. How small are they? <strong>800 times smaller than a human hair or the size of a drop of blood.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Nanoparticles<\/strong> measure a billionth of a meter and using them is one of the innovations proposed by specialists at Tec de Monterrey\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/tag\/institute-for-obesity-research\/\">Institute for Obesity Research<\/a> (IOR), created in 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These experts are also constructing diagnostic tests that use a few <strong>drops of blood<\/strong> to detect <strong>metabolic diseases<\/strong> before they present symptoms, examine how breast milk is involved in these diseases, and propose public policies based on these investigations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Childhood Obesity: what solutions does the science of the future promise?\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YU49W8Y4Ju4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Nanoparticles, a fantastic voyage<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For decades, the term \u201cnanotechnology\u201d was a novelty. Years before the movie <em>Fantastic Voyage<\/em> came out in 1966, in which a team of scientists is miniaturized to enter the body of a wounded man and save his life, physicist <strong>Richard Feynman<\/strong> had already suggested the possibility of manipulating matter at a nanometric scale, using molecules as the building blocks for creating robots that could be injected into the bloodstream.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Today, nanotechnology is being used to deliver drugs to specific tissues. That\u2019s what researcher <a href=\"https:\/\/research.tec.mx\/vivo-tec\/display\/PID_188570\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Omar Lozano<\/a> is working on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The engineering physics specialist is part of IOR\u2019s Bioengineering and Medical Devices unit, a multidisciplinary team of physicists, biologists, immunologists, biotechnologists, and doctors who are designing nanoparticles to combat obesity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For this to be viable, nanoparticle materials have to be biocompatible and not interfere with the functions of pharmaceuticals. They tend to use natural polysaccharides, noble metals (that don\u2019t have chemical reactivity), and biodegradable polymers, which are those used at the IOR because they are low cost and could be mass produced in the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are different techniques for creating these particles, such as emulsification, ionic gelation, and <strong>nanoprecipitation<\/strong>. At the IOR, they use nanoprecipitation: through sound waves, they create drops that encapsulate drugs in nanoparticles measuring less than 150 nanometers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In <em>Fantastic Voyage<\/em>, the submarine navigates through the arterial system to arrive at the brain. But you don\u2019t need to control nanoparticles. They know where to aim for through a kind of magnet on their surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These magnets can be a peptide, a sequence of amino acids, a protein, or an antibody that attracts them toward the target cell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This treatment is designed above all for children because people who were obese in their childhood or adolescence are five times more likely to be obese as adults. However, at least<strong> seven years will elapse before clinical trials can begin<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><picture>\r\n                <source srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2023\/05\/child-obesity-641x1024.webp\" type=\"image\/webp\">\r\n                <img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"641\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2023\/05\/child-obesity-641x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-157349\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2023\/05\/child-obesity-641x1024.png 641w, https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2023\/05\/child-obesity-188x300.png 188w, https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2023\/05\/child-obesity.png 677w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 641px) 100vw, 641px\" \/>\r\n            <\/picture><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Infographics: Oldemar Gonz\u00e1lez \/ TecScience<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Detecting obesity in a few drops of blood<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The most common way to detect obesity is the <strong>Body Mass Index (BMI)<\/strong>, which relates people\u2019s height to their weight. However, this method <strong>cannot detect metabolic diseases or provide early detection of those who will become obese<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That\u2019s why <a href=\"https:\/\/research.tec.mx\/vivo-tec\/display\/PID_17869?_ga=2.222831517.706282600.1680542406-452338630.1680204895\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mirna Gonz\u00e1lez<\/a> from the IOR\u2019s Bioengineering and Medical Devices unit proposes creating tools to detect <strong>metabolic disorders from childhood<\/strong>, identifying the <strong>proteins present in the blood<\/strong> that indicate preobesity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The quantities have to be measurable in small amounts, as they intend to do so with small devices, which <strong>act like a rapid test<\/strong>: one small sample (a few drops of blood) flows through the device and it gives a diagnosis when it identifies the molecules of interest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gonz\u00e1lez hopes to have prototypes in under two years and plans to integrate three protein searches into one single device. At the moment, Ph.D. student Margarita Ortiz is developing the tests at the University of Houston.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Once they\u2019re ready, they\u2019ll compare their performance with that of conventional tests, first in adults and then in Mexican children.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><picture>\r\n                <source srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2023\/05\/child-obesity-2.webp\" type=\"image\/webp\">\r\n                <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2023\/05\/child-obesity-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-157350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2023\/05\/child-obesity-2.png 750w, https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2023\/05\/child-obesity-2-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/>\r\n            <\/picture><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Since 2011, Mexico&#8217;s obesity figures have increased. (Illustration: Arturo M. Reyes \/ TecScience)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>From the mother\u2019s breast<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/research.tec.mx\/vivo-tec\/display\/PID_312560\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cuauht\u00e9moc Licona<\/a> from the IOR\u2019s Integrative Biology unit is studying microbial systems and analyzing breast milk, as we know that the composition of each microbiota is an indicator of people\u2019s health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Our<strong> microbiota is a community of organisms that inhabit our skin, mouth, vagina, or intestines and protects us from infections<\/strong>. The mammary gland has one of its own.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Each milliliter of breast milk contains a million bacteria. This food imparts good microorganisms to a newborn\u2019s intestines. We<a href=\"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/8317\/\"> <\/a>know that, during childhood, <a href=\"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/8317\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the variety and abundance of gut microbiota are lower if the BMI is higher<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Licona is the director of the <a href=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/tag\/femsa-biotechnology-center\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">FEMSA Biotechnology Center<\/a> and led the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-03779-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">first Mexican study to compare the microbiota in people\u2019s colostrum with gestational diabetes and obesity, people with obesity, and people without obesity<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-03779-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">analyzing 43 samples of colostrum<\/a>, they observed that gestational diabetes and obesity leave a mark.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Obesity favors the group of firmicutes, particularly staphylococci, which are bacteria linked to metabolic diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To complete what Licona calls \u201cthe snapshot,\u201d he and<a href=\"https:\/\/research.tec.mx\/vivo-tec\/display\/PID_314302?_ga=2.83184980.310295743.1682797819-1285691434.1680204596\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/research.tec.mx\/vivo-tec\/display\/PID_314302?_ga=2.83184980.310295743.1682797819-1285691434.1680204596\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Marion E. G. Brunck<\/a>, from the IOR\u2019s Experimental Medicine and Advanced Therapies unit and coauthor of the study, analyzed<a href=\"https:\/\/bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12916-022-02575-y\"> <\/a>leukocytes from the colostrum (related to the immune system), detecting fewer B lymphocytes (a type of leukocyte) in the presence of obesity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The aim of this research is to create treatments with probiotics, living organisms that are beneficial to people\u2019s health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><picture>\r\n                <source srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2023\/05\/child-obesity.webp\" type=\"image\/webp\">\r\n                <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"748\" height=\"499\" src=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2023\/05\/child-obesity.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-157351\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2023\/05\/child-obesity.jpg 748w, https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2023\/05\/child-obesity-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 748px) 100vw, 748px\" \/>\r\n            <\/picture><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Brunck emphasizes that this information is not intended to stigmatize or criticize mothers living with obesity. Rather, the idea is to find answers about how much their immune status is manifested in breast milk and how this impacts the baby. (Photo: Udell Jim\u00e9nez \/ TecScience)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Including science in public policy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Researchers from the IOR\u2019s Public Policy unit, together with <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com.mx\/citations?user=FylAv6QAAAAJ&amp;hl=es\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Daniel Bernal<\/a>, doctor and coordinator of the public policy and health initiative at the <a href=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/tag\/school-of-government-and-public-transformation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">School of Government and Public Transformation<\/a>, conducted a study on the effect of public policies on children under the age of five, such as diet guidelines, RDI labeling, and taxes on sweetened beverages and products with a high calorie density.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They found that despite a downward trend in children\u2019s BMI from 2005 to 2010, there was a constant increase in childhood obesity from 2011, one year after the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sep.gob.mx\/work\/models\/sep1\/Resource\/635\/1\/images\/programadeaccion_sept.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">National Agreement for Healthy Nutrition<\/a> (which sought to generate changes in schools).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bernal believes this is because policies have not been able to achieve synergy in tackling the factors of obesity, which is why<strong> he says that<\/strong> policies must be designed with scientific evidence to support what modifies behavior and to what extent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He warns that, as childhood and adolescent obesity have<a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/11-10-2017-tenfold-increase-in-childhood-and-adolescent-obesity-in-four-decades-new-study-by-imperial-college-london-and-who\"> <\/a>multiplied by a factor of 10 over the past 40 years, it is imperative to prevent it, identify it in time, and have different treatments available.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As Omar Lozano says: \u201cThis is a very extensive topic. Saying that we\u2019re going to solve it with a small team is very arrogant. In reality, it\u2019s going to take a lot of work.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><picture>\r\n                <source srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2023\/05\/child-obesity-4.webp\" type=\"image\/webp\">\r\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"677\" height=\"792\" src=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2023\/05\/child-obesity-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-157353\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2023\/05\/child-obesity-4.png 677w, https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2023\/05\/child-obesity-4-256x300.png 256w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 677px) 100vw, 677px\" \/>\r\n            <\/picture><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Infographics: Oldemar Gonz\u00e1lez \/ TecScience<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Institute for Obesity Research at Tec de Monterrey is working on solutions and new treatments to face this epidemic.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":157352,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[124,157,224,166,323,138],"class_list":["post-157348","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","tag-feature","tag-femsa-biotechnology-center","tag-health","tag-institute-for-obesity-research","tag-school-of-government-and-public-transformation","tag-school-of-medicine-and-health-sciences"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.0 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - 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Experts warn that those who propose public policies need to listen to science (Illustration: Arturo M. 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