{"id":159475,"date":"2023-12-26T21:47:50","date_gmt":"2023-12-26T21:47:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/?p=159475"},"modified":"2024-12-09T13:33:15","modified_gmt":"2024-12-09T19:33:15","slug":"fungi-to-clean-polluted-water","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/biotechnology\/fungi-to-clean-polluted-water\/","title":{"rendered":"The Potential of Fungi to Clean Polluted Water"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fungi are among the <a href=\"\/en\/biotechnology\/fungi-friends-or-foes-for-the-human-being\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">most versatile<\/a> organisms on Earth. Some serve as food for other species, those that make us hallucinate, and those that generate enzymes that could help us clean contaminated water, among many others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cIn biotechnology, the idea is to take the tools that nature already has and direct them toward very specific things, like combating water pollution,\u201d says <a href=\"https:\/\/centrodelagua.tec.mx\/en\/semblanza\/dra-nancy-ornelas-soto\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nancy Ornelas<\/a>, research professor at the <a href=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/tag\/school-of-engineering-and-sciences\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">School of Engineering and Sciences<\/a> at Tec de Monterrey and member of the <a href=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/tag\/water-center\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Water Center<\/a>, in an interview with <strong><em>TecScience<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Mexico, water pollution is one of the country&#8217;s biggest environmental problems. According to <a href=\"https:\/\/apps1.semarnat.gob.mx:8443\/dgeia\/informe18\/tema\/cap6.html#tema2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">a study<\/a> by the National Water Commission (CONAGUA), 59.1% of Mexico&#8217;s surface water is contaminated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The problem grows due to the lack of capacity of treatment plants, which currently <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/324703249_Agenda_Ambiental_2018_Diagnostico_y_propuestas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">only clean 43% of municipal wastewater<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For Ornelas, part of the solution is to combine the use of biotechnology, nanotechnology, and nature-based solutions to complement the work done in these plants to ensure that water in Mexico is of better quality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"El potencial de los hongos para limpiar el agua\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OKfkhnRUGxc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>(Subtitles Available in English) <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-fungi-to-treat-polluted-water\"><strong>Fungi to Treat Polluted Water<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2015, she and her group went out to the forested areas of Monterrey in search of a fungus that is distributed in the world&#8217;s tropics, grows on dead trunks, and feeds on them. Due to its red and orange hues, it was named <em>Pycnoporus sanguineus<\/em> \u2013<em>sanguineus<\/em> from the word <em>sangre<\/em>, which means blood\u2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe fungus releases substances that are very effective in the degradation of organic matter, such as wood, to break it down and be able to feed on it,\u201d explains Ornelas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These substances are enzymes\u2014organic molecules that catalyze chemical reactions\u2014particularly those secreted by <em>Pycnoporus s<\/em>. are called laccases and can degrade lignin. This compound makes up the bark of tree trunks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Based on scientific literature, Ornelas and her team had the idea of testing the enzymes to see if they degraded other organic compounds in polluted water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After finding the fungus and moving a sample to her lab, her team spent the next few years <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1381117714001799\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">characterizing, isolating, and purifying the enzymes<\/a>, using small bioreactors and feeding the fungus tomato juice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once they managed to isolate and purify them, they tested them in tap water, river, lake water, and wastewater effluent from treatment plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThese enzymes turned out to be very good at breaking down emerging contaminants, which are problematic nowadays,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Emerging contaminants are those whose presence in water is known, but until recently, we discovered that they present a risk to human and environmental health. Few Mexican plants have filters to treat them specifically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-local-efficient-and-affordable-way\"><strong>A Local, Efficient (and Affordable) Way <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In one of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0964830515301529\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">their studies,<\/a> Ornelas and his team collected samples from agricultural and domestic water wells in the La Paz Valley, Nuevo Le\u00f3n. They demonstrated that a cocktail of laccase enzymes removed 50% of the Diclofenac and more than 70% of other organic compounds in the water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This was replicated with samples from various bodies of water with different degrees of contamination. \u201cThe best thing about these enzymes is that you just have to put them in the water; if it is very polluted, you just add a larger amount,\u201d explains the researcher.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To strengthen their line of research, they have also used different nanotechnology methods to <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/full\/10.1021\/acscatal.5b01600?casa_token=uvU-Rfc1j84AAAAA%3AbPTWz0vDzZpx-Wox5Yy_z6v_624cUV02AzdpeN1G-7KuJaHQKt3Za_lS02KpQps4ceUZ4hBFA-O01la8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">immobilize the enzyme in tiny devices<\/a> that allow them to be reused for up to ten continuous cycles of contaminated water treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to the expert, although her research is basic science and has not been scaled to an industrial level, this is a local, efficient, affordable, and environmentally friendly way to modernize treatment plants and prevent their effluents from contaminating rivers, lakes, seas, and groundwater.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe amount of enzymes we produce is enormous, equivalent to what it would cost me 58,000 or 11,000 USD if I bought them at Sigma Aldrich,\u201d says Ornelas. Sigma Aldrich is an American chemical company with synthetic enzymes similar to those purified by her group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Their operation costs are meager since preserving the fungus is relatively simple, feeding it is cheap, and purifying the enzymes is also cheap. \u201cWhat we use the most is electricity because of the bioreactors, but if we also used solar panels, it would be an even more sustainable option.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Currently, her group is studying the possibility of using these same enzymes to degrade microplastics, a growing pollution threat worldwide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For her, the hope is that nature-based solutions will become increasingly used globally. \u201cThe whole issue of water treatment is moving towards biotechnological treatments due to their simplicity and sustainability,\u201d concludes Ornelas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Did you find this story interesting? Would you like to publish it? Contact our content editor to learn more at\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:marianaleonm@tec.mx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">marianaleonm@tec.mx<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;The idea is to take the tools that nature already has and direct them toward very specific things, like combating water pollution.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":159492,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[93],"tags":[156,135],"class_list":["post-159475","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biotechnology","tag-biotechnology","tag-school-of-engineering-and-sciences"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.0 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ 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