{"id":162522,"date":"2024-05-20T14:57:07","date_gmt":"2024-05-20T20:57:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/?p=162522"},"modified":"2025-02-20T16:41:12","modified_gmt":"2025-02-20T22:41:12","slug":"architecture-to-reduce-vulnerabilities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/human-social\/architecture-to-reduce-vulnerabilities\/","title":{"rendered":"The Architecture Projects that Shortened Distances and Brought Water to Chihuahua, Mexico"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>In <strong>Paso del Norte<\/strong>, a town in the Mexican state <strong>Chihuahua<\/strong>, a highway separates the community from the center of the capital. For its inhabitants, the only way to cross over to go to work, the doctor or to buy groceries is to cross a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.revistas.inah.gob.mx\/index.php\/antropologia\/article\/view\/14870\/15884\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">pedestrian bridge<\/a> in poor conditions and with steep stairs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThis access is very problematic, especially for <strong>older people or people with disabilities,<\/strong>\u201d says <a href=\"https:\/\/tec.mx\/en\/our-faculty\/eaad\/emanuele-giorgi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Emanuele Giorgi<\/a>, research professor at the <a href=\"\/en\/tag\/school-of-architecture-art-and-design\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">School of Architecture, Art and Design<\/a> (EAAD) at Tec de Monterrey in an interview with TecScience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Escasez de agua en Chihuahua: c\u00f3mo la investigaci\u00f3n est\u00e1 ayudando a mitigarla\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/bgQxDm4TRSc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>To contribute to reducing the <strong>vulnerabilities<\/strong> faced by the people of this village\u2212 and three other communities in <strong>Chihuahua<\/strong>\u2212 a group of architects and urban designers from the <strong>EAAD<\/strong> brought them solutions based on technology, awareness and multidisciplinarity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One of these projects, called <strong>Mobility HUB<\/strong>, brought <strong>electric bicycles<\/strong> and a <strong>solar panel <\/strong>to recharge them sustainably, with the intention of contributing to the <strong>mobility<\/strong> of its residents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition, they gave them a <strong>training course<\/strong> to teach them how to <strong>transform a regular bicycle<\/strong> into an <strong>electric one with a motor<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThey gave me this bike a month ago, [and now] I use it to go to work,\u201d says a woman who lives in Paso del Norte. \u201cHere in the Paso del Norte we struggled with transportation, but thanks to it I can come and go easily.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The reason why the inhabitants from rural populations in <strong>Chihuahua <\/strong>struggle with transportation is due to its territorial extension. With 247,455 square kilometers it is the <strong>largest state in the country<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, <strong>79%<\/strong> of its inhabitants <strong>are concentrated in urban areas,<\/strong> located in the municipalities of Chihuahua, Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez, Cuauht\u00e9moc, Delicias and Parral.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The<strong> 21%<\/strong> of the population that lives in rural areas (disseminated in 63 municipalities) has to travel <strong>enormous distances<\/strong> to carry out their daily activities, facing extreme weather conditions, an imposing terrain and, in most cases, a great <strong>lack of infrastructure<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is where <strong>architecture <\/strong>-which we generally associate with the construction of large buildings and luxurious finishes- comes in as a <strong>vehicle to empower vulnerable communities<\/strong> that face a lack of mobility and access to services, in addition to problems with insecurity and the absence of urban planning, among others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><picture>\r\n                <source srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/05\/mob.webp\" type=\"image\/webp\">\r\n                <img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/05\/mob.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-162525\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/05\/mob.jpg 750w, https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/05\/mob-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/>\r\n            <\/picture><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Mapping of mobility routes in Paso del Norte, Chihuahua. (Image: Courtesy of Design for Vulnerables)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Architecture to Reduce Vulnerabilities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Four years ago, the group of experts from <strong>EAAD<\/strong> , led by Giorgi, began reflecting on how design and architecture can help <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/book\/10.1007\/978-3-030-96866-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">reduce vulnerabilities<\/a>, resulting in the creation of the project <a href=\"https:\/\/www.designforvulnerables.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Design for Vulnerables<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Little by little, they have managed to collaborate with the <strong>Paso del Norte<\/strong>, <strong>Nueva Delicias<\/strong>, <strong>La Regina <\/strong>and <strong>Basaseachi<\/strong> communities of Chihuahua to introduce technology-based solutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In their experience, they have found that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-5309\/12\/11\/1789\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">it is essential<\/a> that these types of <strong>projects <\/strong>be <strong>multidisciplinary<\/strong>. Also, it is important that the proposals contain<strong> raising awareness in the communities<\/strong> about how they perceive these vulnerabilities, how they affect them and the steps they can take to improve their situation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The most important \u2013and challenging\u2013 part has been finding a way for the projects to really provide a solution: <strong>\u201cMany times, when the government, businessmen or philanthropists bring new resources or solutions, they do so through assistentialism, they give them something and they leave,\u201d<\/strong> explains Giorgi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This strategy often fails, since the <strong>communities<\/strong> do not learn how to use these technologies, they do not appropriate the new tools, they do not actively participate in the urban planning to introduce them and a <strong>collaborative relationship<\/strong> is not established with those who introduce them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To avoid falling into this pattern, the <strong>EAAD<\/strong> group assisted to the communities and <strong>undertook a years-long process<\/strong> where they conducted interviews, excursions, walks, participatory mapping and collective reflections to detect social, environmental and economic risks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Afterwards, they developed a <strong>vulnerability index<\/strong> to be able to propose strategies that contribute to solving the specific problems that affect each community.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mobility HUB and Tech HUB<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In <strong>Paso del Norte<\/strong>, the <strong>Mobility HUB <\/strong>project was well received by the community. One of the locals is even contemplating starting a business around them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI use the <strong>bike<\/strong> almost daily, it has helped me a lot to get where I want to go faster and to make the road less heavy,\u201d says another of the beneficiaries. \u201cI think it&#8217;s an option to form a business to transform old bicycles [into ones with motors] for the improvement of the neighborhood.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><picture>\r\n                <source srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/05\/mob3.webp\" type=\"image\/webp\">\r\n                <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/05\/mob3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-162526\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/05\/mob3.jpg 750w, https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/05\/mob3-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/>\r\n            <\/picture><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A diagram of the motorized bicycle transformed from a regular one. (Photo: Courtesy of Design for Vulnerables)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In T<strong>ech HUB<\/strong>, they brought projectors, tablets, 3D viewers and speakers to schools and the community square to have interactive classes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One of them was about <strong>first aid<\/strong> and <a href=\"\/en\/health\/comprehensive-sex-education\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">sexual education<\/a>, taught by the <a href=\"\/en\/tag\/school-of-medicine-and-health-sciences\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">School of Medicine and Health Sciences<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe idea is that these technologies can help didactic work and learning for the benefit of the community,\u201d says Giorgi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><picture>\r\n                <source srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/05\/mob2.webp\" type=\"image\/webp\">\r\n                <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/05\/mob2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-162527\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/05\/mob2.jpg 750w, https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/05\/mob2-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/>\r\n            <\/picture><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photograph of the workshop at Paso del Norte for the transformation of bicycles. (Photo: courtesy of Design for Vulnerables).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Agri HUB<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In <strong>Nuevas Delicias<\/strong>, one of the greatest vulnerabilities the community faces is water scarcity. This is partly due to the fact that too much is consumed in agriculture and walnut tree cultivation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThis tree consumes 1,000 liters of water per day, for each plant,\u201d says Giorgi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By working with the community&#8217;s primary, secondary and tele-high school, the Club del Abuelo (Grandfather&#8217;s Club) and the Agricultural and Livestock Union, they reflected on new ways of doing agriculture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Together, they installed <strong>composts and smart greenhouses<\/strong> that measure temperature and humidity -accompanied by solar panels as energy sources- making them <strong>autonomous and sustainable<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><picture>\r\n                <source srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/05\/agri3.webp\" type=\"image\/webp\">\r\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/05\/agri3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-162528\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/05\/agri3.jpg 750w, https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/05\/agri3-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/>\r\n            <\/picture><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The community of Nuevas Delicias collaborating in the greenhouses. (Photo: Courtesy of Design for Vulnerables)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The researchers also placed<strong> water harvesting systems<\/strong> in each greenhouse. \u201cWe gave training courses on how to use these composts and greenhouses and the idea is that in the coming years they develop community orchards,\u201d says the expert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Farmers were given <strong>drones <\/strong>and were taught how to use them, <strong>so they can monitor their crops and water leaks<\/strong>, without having to make long journeys.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Recently, the president of the Agricultural and Livestock Union had fallen from the horse on which he was doing the tour to review everything was working correctly and stayed there for a full day, since there was no cellphone signal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe <strong>drone<\/strong> will save them time, money and protect them from these risks,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Water HUB<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In <strong>La Regina<\/strong>, one of the biggest problems is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scirp.org\/journal\/paperinformation?paperid=101320\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">contamination of water with arsenic and fluoride<\/a>, which has triggered health problems, such as a higher incidence of cancer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Until now, the solution imposed by the government had been the use of <strong>reverse osmosis plants<\/strong>: \u201c100 liters of polluted water are taken, filtered through special membranes and returned clean,\u201d says Giorgi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, these only clean up to 30 liters of the original 100, concentrating contaminants more in the remaining 70. This water is most often dumped back into the aqueduct, perpetuating pollution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Currently, the United Nations prohibits their use, but in <strong>La Regina<\/strong> they are still used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As part of the <strong>solution<\/strong>, the researchers partnered with a local company that works with <strong>activated carbon-based filters<\/strong> \u2013 which are not expensive and only require maintenance of around twenty dollars per year\u2013 capable of removing arsenic and fluoride.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe installed them in <strong>four schools in the municipality with a faucet to the outside<\/strong>, so that anyone can go and fill their water containers,\u201d says Giorgi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><picture>\r\n                <source srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/05\/water.webp\" type=\"image\/webp\">\r\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/05\/water.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-162529\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/05\/water.jpg 750w, https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/05\/water-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/>\r\n            <\/picture><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Activated carbon filters from the Barbvo company, installed in La Regina. (Photo: Courtesy of Design for Vulnerables).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Environment HUB and Tourism HUB<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, in the <strong>Sierra de Baseaseachi<\/strong>, <strong>mining<\/strong> has destroyed the territory and <strong>contaminated the land with heavy metals<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To help, the <strong>EAAD<\/strong> group started an <strong>environmental awareness and sustainable production <\/strong>project with the use of 3D viewers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They also installed <strong>biodigesters<\/strong> to <strong>replace the wood stoves<\/strong> they use to heat school classrooms. \u201cThese take advantage of the organic waste from the dining hall to produce biogas,\u201d says Giorgi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition, they purchased <strong>air quality<\/strong> meters and gave them to the children of the local telesecundaria along with a notebook so that they can annotate the values they observe \u200b\u200band participate in the <strong>environmental monitoring of their locality<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe community has been very involved in these activities and they have been empowered by this information,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><picture>\r\n                <source srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/05\/enviro2.webp\" type=\"image\/webp\">\r\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/05\/enviro2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-162530\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/05\/enviro2.jpg 750w, https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/05\/enviro2-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/>\r\n            <\/picture><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The Baseaseachi community gathered around one of the installed biodigesters. (Photo: Courtesy of Design for Vulnerables)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>Tourism HUB<\/strong> seeks to attract tourists who go to see the<strong> Piedra Bolada waterfall<\/strong>, one of the most beautiful and extensive ones in Latin America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The idea is to collaborate with local hotel owners to create activities that attract people to not only visit the waterfall and go back, but also spend the night <strong>and watch the stars.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe gave them a telescope, a cell phone adapter and a camera to start attracting responsible tourists,\u201d says Giorgi. This could be an additional <strong>source of income <\/strong>that reduces the need for mining.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">It is Essential to Create Close Connections With the Community<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Together, <strong>the projects seek to reduce the vulnerabilities of these communities<\/strong> and, in addition, create knowledge through <strong>research <\/strong>that can be applied in the future in other places.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c<strong>We want to understand how architectural design, urban planning and service design have to evolve to facilitate the introduction of technological resources in vulnerable communities<\/strong>,\u201d says the researcher.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the groups&#8217; experience, the most complex thing is getting the communities to want to participate, since they often distrust the intentions of those who arrive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To achieve this, <strong>they established contact with people who already had some connection with the communities <\/strong>and little by little they built a close relationship with them, affirming their commitment to helping them at all times.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c<strong>Creating these ties was a long and demanding process<\/strong>, but now there is a very deep relationship of support and collaboration,\u201d says Giorgi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Did you find this story? Do you want to publish it? Contact our content editor to learn more <a href=\"mailto:marianaleonm@tec.mx\">marianaleonm@tec.mx<\/a>.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Researchers seek to understand how urban design has to evolve to facilitate the introduction of technological resources in vulnerable communities.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":162524,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[89],"tags":[544,107,138],"class_list":["post-162522","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-human-social","tag-cities-and-prosperous-communities","tag-school-of-architecture-art-and-design","tag-school-of-medicine-and-health-sciences"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.0 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Architecture Projects that Shortened Distances and Brought Water to Communities in Chihuahua, Mexico | TecScience<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers seek to understand how urban design has to evolve to facilitate the introduction of technological resources in vulnerable communities.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/human-social\/architecture-to-reduce-vulnerabilities\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Architecture Projects that Shortened Distances and Brought Water to Chihuahua, Mexico\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers seek to understand how urban design has to evolve to facilitate the introduction of technological resources in vulnerable communities.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/human-social\/architecture-to-reduce-vulnerabilities\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"TecScience\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-05-20T20:57:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T22:41:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/05\/1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"750\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"In\u00e9s Guti\u00e9rrez Jaber\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"In\u00e9s Guti\u00e9rrez Jaber\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/human-social\\\/architecture-to-reduce-vulnerabilities\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/human-social\\\/architecture-to-reduce-vulnerabilities\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"In\u00e9s Guti\u00e9rrez Jaber\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/72a3b50d0dbd7d1124452069e14a2db9\"},\"headline\":\"The Architecture Projects that Shortened Distances and Brought Water to Chihuahua, Mexico\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-05-20T20:57:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-20T22:41:12+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/human-social\\\/architecture-to-reduce-vulnerabilities\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1687,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/human-social\\\/architecture-to-reduce-vulnerabilities\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/9\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Cities and Prosperous Communities\",\"School of Architecture Art and Design\",\"School of Medicine and Health Sciences\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Human &amp; 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