{"id":163943,"date":"2024-08-06T14:10:01","date_gmt":"2024-08-06T20:10:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/?p=163943"},"modified":"2025-02-20T12:49:22","modified_gmt":"2025-02-20T18:49:22","slug":"self-healing-concrete","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/biotechnology\/self-healing-concrete\/","title":{"rendered":"Self-Healing Concrete Help Buildings Seal Themselves"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Researchers have developed a groundbreaking self-healing concrete<\/strong> capable of sealing small cracks. This advancement means that building walls could essentially “heal” themselves, similar to how our skin regenerates after injuries and scrapes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This innovation is made possible by a bacterial additive that helps the concrete form calcium carbonate<\/strong>, a white powder commonly seen as limescale in showers and sinks. Calcium carbonate has been associated with self-healing properties observed in ancient construction materials<\/a>, including structures nearly 2,000 years old, such as the Pantheon in Rome and the Roman Colosseum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“This material has a specific hardness and is chemically very stable<\/strong>. It forms naturally from calcium alone, but bacteria accelerate the transformation into calcium carbonate,” explains Alejandro Montesinos<\/a>, head of the Decarbonization, Climate Change, and Circular Economy Research Group at Tec de Monterrey and a member of the Institute of Advanced Materials and Sustainable Manufacturing<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Researchers have tested this type of bacteria for the past few years, particularly Bacillus subtilis<\/a>, which feeds on CO2 and possesses biomineralization properties<\/strong>. In other words, during its metabolic process, it produces calcium carbonate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Among its various benefits, this material also aims to address the CO2 emissions generated by the cement industry<\/strong>. With approximately 2.3 billion tons of CO2 emissions annually<\/a>, the industry is one of the significant contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for nearly 7% of the total.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\r\n \r\n \"\"\r\n <\/picture>
In the presence of moisture (water), the bacterium Bacillus subtilis feeds on nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, and CO2, and during its metabolic process, it produces calcium carbonate. (Photo: Courtesy of Alejandro Montesinos)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

CO2 and Bacteria: The Foundation for Self-Healing Concrete<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When calcium oxide is combined with CO2, it naturally forms calcium carbonate over time due to thermodynamic equilibrium, explains the researcher. This process can be simplified and accelerated with the help of bacteria<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cStalactites are a prime example; bacteria aid in their formation. It\u2019s not just the water with its calcium and magnesium content, but also the bacteria and the biochemical process<\/strong> that promote their development,\u201d he notes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like similar organisms, Bacillus subtilis requires moisture and feeds on nutrients like calcium and magnesium to grow and reproduce. In its metabolism, it uses ions from these minerals, captures CO2, and combines them to form carbonates, eventually\u00a0turning into rock<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As it consumes calcium and CO2, the bacterium turns carbonate in a biomineralization process<\/strong> that the researcher compares to dinosaur fossils\u2014essentially, the bacteria become rock and seal the cracks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, as a mode of defense and survival, the bacteria go through a self-sacrificing phase where they die, but not before reproducing and laying spores ready for the next generation<\/strong> when conditions are right.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These characteristics make the bacteria valuable as an additive to give concrete, based on carbonates and various mineral bonds, the ability to self-repair<\/strong>. In buildings, this would function similarly to the healing process in human skin<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\r\n \r\n \"\"\r\n <\/picture>
The bacteria accelerate the process of calcium carbonate formation, which helps seal cracks. (Photo: Courtesy of Alejandro Montesinos)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Training Bacteria to Survive in Concrete<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

First, it’s crucial to ensure bacteria can survive in concrete to enable them to produce calcium\u00a0carbonate<\/strong>. Concrete\u2019s high pH and alkalinity make<\/span> it a harsh environment where most microorganisms cannot thrive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This presents a major challenge for researchers who \u201ctrain\u201d the bacteria to withstand the pH conditions of concrete, even when it\u2019s mixed with water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIf you just put any Bacillus subtilis strain in concrete, it\u2019s likely to die and fail to grow or reproduce. The challenge is to get the bacteria to adapt<\/strong> so that when we introduce it into the concrete, it won\u2019t perish,\u201d the researcher explains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To address this, they mix bacterial spores into the concrete<\/strong>, embedding them in a protective matrix. If the concrete develops a crack, the spores become exposed, germinate, and the bacteria grow again. With adequate moisture, nutrients, and CO2<\/strong>, the bacteria will carry out mineralization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In controlled laboratory conditions, self-repair can take 15 days to a month<\/strong>, depending on the crack size. For instance, tests on cracks about one to two millimeters wide and 12 centimeters long took around 30 days to heal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Researchers are halfway through this project. The next steps involve preparing the support system\u00a0to transition from lab tests to real-world, concrete<\/strong><\/span> testing in environments with varying humidity levels and CO2 presence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\r\n \r\n \"\"\r\n <\/picture>
The bacteria are prepared to withstand concrete’s high pH and ensure their survival. (Photo: Courtesy of Alejandro Montesinos)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Aiming for a Construction Industry Solution<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cracks in concrete are a common issue caused by factors like lack of moisture and temperature fluctuations<\/strong>, says Montesinos. He clarifies that the goal of the material being developed in the lab is to address small fissures. Its main application is more aesthetic, aimed at sealing minor cracks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt will help with self-repairing small cracks, but it\u2019s not designed for larger fractures in concrete<\/strong>. It\u2019s not suitable for load-bearing walls or structures that need to support weight and develop cracks for some reason,\u201d he explains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The bacteria can survive in both indoor and outdoor conditions<\/strong>. However, it cannot withstand temperatures above 100\u00b0C, such as those encountered during a fire or direct flame exposure. While no tests have confirmed this, the spores may remain dormant for years<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt\u2019s possible that in 100 years, it could still have this effect. The theory suggests that spores can lie dormant for years and reactivate once the matrix is exposed, perhaps by a scratch, and when moisture reaches it, the mineralization process could start,\u201d the researcher says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Montesinos envisions self-healing concrete as a solution that could be used as a final layer in construction<\/strong>, akin to plaster and other finishes applied to buildings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, he emphasizes that this research provides an alternative to greenhouse gas emissions and promotes circular economy principles<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He notes the importance of rethinking CO2\u2014not as waste to be discarded into the environment but as a valuable resource that can be repurposed for new applications<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Were you interested in this story? Do you want to publish it? Contact our content editor to learn more marianaleonm@tec.mx<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This mixture with a certain type of bacteria represents an innovative solution for the construction industry.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":163945,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[93],"tags":[156,542,110],"class_list":["post-163943","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biotechnology","tag-biotechnology","tag-industrial-transformation","tag-institute-of-advanced-materials-for-sustainable-manufacturing"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBacteria and CO2 to Create Self-Healing Concrete | TecScience<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers from Tec de Monterrey develop a self-healing construction material, using bacteria and CO2.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/biotechnology\/self-healing-concrete\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Self-Healing Concrete Help Buildings Seal Themselves\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers from Tec de Monterrey develop a self-healing construction material, using bacteria and CO2.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/biotechnology\/self-healing-concrete\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"TecScience\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-08-06T20:10:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-20T18:49:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/08\/self-healing-concrete1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"750\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ricardo Trevi\u00f1o\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ricardo Trevi\u00f1o\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/biotechnology\\\/self-healing-concrete\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/biotechnology\\\/self-healing-concrete\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ricardo Trevi\u00f1o\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d0ed5b5fa0ab2c4754211e4addf201dc\"},\"headline\":\"Self-Healing Concrete Help Buildings Seal Themselves\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-08-06T20:10:01+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-20T18:49:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/biotechnology\\\/self-healing-concrete\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1011,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/biotechnology\\\/self-healing-concrete\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/9\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/self-healing-concrete1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"biotechnology\",\"Industrial Transformation\",\"Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Biotechnology\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/biotechnology\\\/self-healing-concrete\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/biotechnology\\\/self-healing-concrete\\\/\",\"name\":\"Bacteria and CO2 to Create Self-Healing Concrete | TecScience\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/biotechnology\\\/self-healing-concrete\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/biotechnology\\\/self-healing-concrete\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/9\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/self-healing-concrete1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-08-06T20:10:01+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-20T18:49:22+00:00\",\"description\":\"Researchers from Tec de Monterrey develop a self-healing construction material, using bacteria and CO2.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/biotechnology\\\/self-healing-concrete\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/biotechnology\\\/self-healing-concrete\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/biotechnology\\\/self-healing-concrete\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/9\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/self-healing-concrete1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/9\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/self-healing-concrete1.jpg\",\"width\":750,\"height\":500,\"caption\":\"The bacterium Bacillus subtilis serves as an additive in the self-healing concrete; it captures CO2 and combines it with calcium ions to form carbonate, which seals the cracks. (Photo: Shutterstock)\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/biotechnology\\\/self-healing-concrete\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Self-Healing Concrete Help Buildings Seal Themselves\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"TecScience\",\"description\":\"-\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"TecScience\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/9\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/logo-negro-tecscience.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/9\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/logo-negro-tecscience.svg\",\"width\":250,\"height\":38,\"caption\":\"TecScience\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d0ed5b5fa0ab2c4754211e4addf201dc\",\"name\":\"Ricardo Trevi\u00f1o\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4bcc2569d80f3bc04d35c88e014da852d10420f44fbbf0158af3ce158042ba08?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4bcc2569d80f3bc04d35c88e014da852d10420f44fbbf0158af3ce158042ba08?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4bcc2569d80f3bc04d35c88e014da852d10420f44fbbf0158af3ce158042ba08?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Ricardo Trevi\u00f1o\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/author\\\/rtrevino\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Bacteria and CO2 to Create Self-Healing Concrete | TecScience","description":"Researchers from Tec de Monterrey develop a self-healing construction material, using bacteria and CO2.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/biotechnology\/self-healing-concrete\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Self-Healing Concrete Help Buildings Seal Themselves","og_description":"Researchers from Tec de Monterrey develop a self-healing construction material, using bacteria and CO2.","og_url":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/biotechnology\/self-healing-concrete\/","og_site_name":"TecScience","article_published_time":"2024-08-06T20:10:01+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-02-20T18:49:22+00:00","og_image":[{"width":750,"height":500,"url":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/08\/self-healing-concrete1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Ricardo Trevi\u00f1o","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Ricardo Trevi\u00f1o","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/biotechnology\/self-healing-concrete\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/biotechnology\/self-healing-concrete\/"},"author":{"name":"Ricardo Trevi\u00f1o","@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/d0ed5b5fa0ab2c4754211e4addf201dc"},"headline":"Self-Healing Concrete Help Buildings Seal Themselves","datePublished":"2024-08-06T20:10:01+00:00","dateModified":"2025-02-20T18:49:22+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/biotechnology\/self-healing-concrete\/"},"wordCount":1011,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/biotechnology\/self-healing-concrete\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/08\/self-healing-concrete1.jpg","keywords":["biotechnology","Industrial Transformation","Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing"],"articleSection":["Biotechnology"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/biotechnology\/self-healing-concrete\/","url":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/biotechnology\/self-healing-concrete\/","name":"Bacteria and CO2 to Create Self-Healing Concrete | TecScience","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/biotechnology\/self-healing-concrete\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/biotechnology\/self-healing-concrete\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/08\/self-healing-concrete1.jpg","datePublished":"2024-08-06T20:10:01+00:00","dateModified":"2025-02-20T18:49:22+00:00","description":"Researchers from Tec de Monterrey develop a self-healing construction material, using bacteria and CO2.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/biotechnology\/self-healing-concrete\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/biotechnology\/self-healing-concrete\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/biotechnology\/self-healing-concrete\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/08\/self-healing-concrete1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/08\/self-healing-concrete1.jpg","width":750,"height":500,"caption":"The bacterium Bacillus subtilis serves as an additive in the self-healing concrete; it captures CO2 and combines it with calcium ions to form carbonate, which seals the cracks. (Photo: Shutterstock)"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/biotechnology\/self-healing-concrete\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Self-Healing Concrete Help Buildings Seal Themselves"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/","name":"TecScience","description":"-","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/#organization","name":"TecScience","url":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2022\/11\/logo-negro-tecscience.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2022\/11\/logo-negro-tecscience.svg","width":250,"height":38,"caption":"TecScience"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/d0ed5b5fa0ab2c4754211e4addf201dc","name":"Ricardo Trevi\u00f1o","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4bcc2569d80f3bc04d35c88e014da852d10420f44fbbf0158af3ce158042ba08?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4bcc2569d80f3bc04d35c88e014da852d10420f44fbbf0158af3ce158042ba08?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4bcc2569d80f3bc04d35c88e014da852d10420f44fbbf0158af3ce158042ba08?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ricardo Trevi\u00f1o"},"url":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/author\/rtrevino\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/163943","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/47"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=163943"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/163943\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/163945"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=163943"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=163943"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=163943"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}