{"id":165095,"date":"2024-09-24T17:37:28","date_gmt":"2024-09-24T23:37:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/?p=165095"},"modified":"2024-12-10T17:00:19","modified_gmt":"2024-12-10T23:00:19","slug":"obesity-medications","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/health\/obesity-medications\/","title":{"rendered":"Revolutionizing Obesity Treatment: The Origin Behind New Medications"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Scientists <strong>Joel Habener<\/strong>, <strong>Svetlana Mojsov<\/strong>, and <strong>Lotte Bjerre Knudsen<\/strong> were awarded the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/laskerfoundation.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2024<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/laskerfoundation.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lasker Award<\/a><\/strong> for their discovery and development of GLP-1-based <a href=\"\/en\/health\/ozempic-weight-loss\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">treatments that have revolutionized the obesity and diabetes<\/a> new medications. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recently, drugs developed from their work are being analyzed for possible benefits in treating conditions ranging from addiction to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/DALoe6nh2Wo\/?img_index=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Alzheimer&#8217;s disease<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research recognized Habener (Massachusetts General Hospital) and Mojsov (Rockefeller University) for discerning the <strong>physiologically active form of the hormone<\/strong> (GLP-1). Knudsen (Novo Nordisk) was recognized for turning it into medications that <strong>promote weight loss.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;Obesity is commonly viewed <strong>as a <a href=\"\/en\/health\/losing-weight\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">failure of willpower<\/a>,<\/strong> yet for many, diet and exercise don\u2019t cure the problem. Historically, <a href=\"\/en\/health\/medicines-for-obesity\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">attempts to make safe and effective drugs<\/a> that help people slim down have fallen short,&#8221; explains the Lasker Foundation about this year\u2019s honorees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Rompiendo estereotipos sobre la obesidad\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/zxPRtNqYMy8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Path to a New Era of Weight Management  <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the 1970s, newly trained endocrinologist Joel Habener set up his lab at Massachusetts General Hospital, where he became interested in studying <a href=\"\/en\/tech\/artificial-intelligence-for-diabetes-prevention\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">diabetes<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Typically, glucose stimulates the pancreas to release insulin, which ushers the sugar out of the bloodstream and transports it into cells. In <a href=\"\/en\/health\/women-from-the-north-are-the-ones-who-have-the-most-diabetes-in-mexico\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">diabetes<\/a>, <strong>the absence of insulin keeps blood glucose levels elevated, while cells are starved of it.<\/strong> While insulin therapy provided one approach, researchers were exploring alternative tactics, according to the Lasker Foundation approach into the scientists&#8217; research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One such idea was to block <strong>glucagon, a pancreatic hormone<\/strong> that raises blood sugar levels, which was thought to potentially help people with diabetes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Habener used molecular biology to isolate the gene that codes for glucagon although genetic manipulation in mammals wasn&#8217;t allowed, so he turned to <strong>anglerfish, which had a special organ producing large quantities of glucagon<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Active <strong>peptide hormones are released from larger proteins <\/strong>by enzymes cutting at specific places, recalls the Lasker Foundation. In 1982, Habener reported that the anglerfish\u2019s glucagon gene encodes a predicted precursor protein that contains glucagon and, in addition, a second peptide that resembles glucagon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The same pair of amino acids, lysine-arginine, marked the cutting sites in several hormone precursor proteins. Cutting at those sites would release both glucagon and the second peptide, as explained by the organization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;A year later, Graeme Bell (Chiron Corporation) discovered that the gene coding for glucagon in hamsters also coded for a version of the second anglerfish peptide, which he named glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1),&#8221; adds the Lasker Foundation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Meanwhile, biochemist Svetlana Mojsov, a researcher at Rockefeller University, identified the amino acid sequence that made up the biologically active form of GLP-1. She eventually demonstrated that <strong>this active form could stimulate insulin release in rat pancreases<\/strong>, a critical step toward developing a treatment for humans, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-024-03078-x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Nature<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Following these key discoveries about GLP-1, the next step was to <strong>turn it into a medication<\/strong>. However, the hormone quickly metabolized, lasting only minutes in the bloodstream.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is where Knudsen\u2019s work came into play, recalls the scientific journal. As a researcher at the Danish pharmaceutical company Novo Nordisk, Knudsen and her team realized that regular GLP-1 wouldn\u2019t work as a drug.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instead, they developed a way to modify GLP-1 by attaching a fatty acid, which allowed the molecule to remain active in the body for longer before being broken down.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This research led to <strong>the first long-acting GLP-1-based drug<\/strong>, liraglutide, which was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2010 for type 2 diabetes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cToday, newer variants like semaglutide and tirzepatide, sold as Wegovy and Zepbound, are key treatments for obesity,\u201d <em>Nature<\/em> notes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-spotify wp-block-embed-spotify wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Spotify Embed: Ep. 74 - F\u00e1rmacos para bajar de peso \u00bfcu\u00e1ndo s\u00ed?\" style=\"border-radius: 12px\" width=\"100%\" height=\"152\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/embed\/episode\/490a6yhSPUC2YSZKk0WBoF?si=9c29c68f365c4286&#038;utm_source=oembed\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Do These Drugs Work? <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">GLP-1 <strong>reduces appetite and body weigh<\/strong>t. With this knowledge, Knudsen and her team continued studying liraglutide and its effects, Lasker Foundation notes. In a key study, obese or overweight participants without diabetes lost an average of 5.5 kilograms over a year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">More than one-third of participants treated with liraglutide lost at least 5% of their body weight, and nearly a quarter lost more than 10%. Liraglutide helps people<strong> feel fuller and less hungry<\/strong>, leading them to voluntarily eat less.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To extend its effects even further, after nearly 4,000 attempts to find the right combination of fatty acids and chemical bonds, researchers developed<strong> semaglutide<\/strong>. This drug, known under the brand name Ozempic, has an extended effect of up to 165 hours and is a specific treatment for diabetes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Liraglutide and semaglutide have now paved the way for second-generation drugs like tirzepatide. Unlike GLP-1\u2019s primary effect on the pancreas in diabetes treatment, tirzepatide&#8217;s <strong>appetite-suppressing activity is centered in the brain<\/strong>. Researchers, including Knudsen, are actively investigating its behavior in this area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Researchers are also exploring the use of these drugs in a wide range of diseases, <strong>including chronic kidney disorders, fatty liver disease, neurodegenerative conditions<\/strong> like Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s, and addictions. &#8220;GLP-1-based therapies also offer cardiovascular protection. Earlier this year, the FDA approved semaglutide to reduce heart attacks and strokes in people with pre-existing cardiovascular disease who are overweight or obese,&#8221; adds the award organization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">For Obesity, Not Aesthetics<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In an interview with <em>AFP<\/em>, award-winning researcher Svetlana Mojsov emphasized that drugs like Ozempic, <strong>liraglutide, and tirzepatide<\/strong> are primarily focused on diabetes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe real success is being able to treat obesity, and that\u2019s what we should stick to. I believe they should never be used <strong>for <\/strong><a href=\"\/en\/health\/ozempic-weight-loss\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>cosmetic reasons<\/strong>,<\/a>\u201d Mojsov told AFP. \u201cI don\u2019t think there\u2019s such a thing as a miracle drug. Every <a href=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/health\/international-conference-on-obesity-research-inauguration\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">drug<\/a> has side effects, and we know that when obese patients lose weight, they lose muscle mass, which is serious. But it opens up a frontier,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These medications should be considered part of personalized medicine, not prescribed for just anyone, and it\u2019s crucial to understand their contraindications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br><strong><em>Did you find this story interesting? Would you like to publish it? Contact our content editor to learn more at\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:marianaleonm@tec.mx\">marianaleonm@tec.mx<\/a>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Recent discoveries about the additional potential benefits of diabetes drugs are also gaining recognition.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":165097,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[224],"class_list":["post-165095","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","tag-health"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.0 (Yoast SEO v27.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Researchers Behind Obesity 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