{"id":165457,"date":"2024-10-15T13:19:47","date_gmt":"2024-10-15T19:19:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/?p=165457"},"modified":"2024-12-09T13:21:46","modified_gmt":"2024-12-09T19:21:46","slug":"new-antibiotics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/biotechnology\/new-antibiotics\/","title":{"rendered":"Bacteria in Extreme Environments Could Lead to New Antibiotics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>One of the biggest challenges facing science today is the discovery of new antibiotics. In fact, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/11\/2\/182\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">it&#8217;s been around 40 years<\/a> <strong>since a new one has been introduced to the market<\/strong>. Fortunately, bacteria found in the most remote locations\u2014such as caves, sulfur mines, salt flats, or areas with extreme temperatures\u2014could be a source for these medications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is crucial because <a href=\"\/en\/health\/deaths-by-antibiotic-resistance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">antimicrobial resistance<\/a> is on the rise, currently <strong>responsible for the deaths of 1.2 million people<\/strong> worldwide every year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finding molecules capable of <strong>combating resistant microorganisms<\/strong>, or those for which no cure has been found yet, is a monumental task.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With this in mind, <a href=\"https:\/\/research.tec.mx\/vivo-tec\/display\/PID_312560?_gl=1*1pgbhri*_gcl_au*MjA5MzM3MTcyOS4xNzI4OTQzNjczLjEzNTcwMDMzNTAuMTcyODk0NDMyMS4xNzI4OTQ0MzIw*_ga*NzE5NTQwNjI1LjE3Mjg5NDM2NzM.*_ga_D9LSDN87GD*MTcyODk1NTIyOS4yLjAuMTcyODk1NTIzMS41OC4wLjE0NDM1NTEwNTg.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cuauht\u00e9moc Licona<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/biotechnology\/cuauthemoc-licona\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">director<\/a> of the <a href=\"\/en\/tag\/femsa-biotechnology-center\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">FEMSA Biotechnology Center<\/a>, along with a team of microbiologists\u2014scientists specializing in the study of microorganisms\u2014has been exploring uncommon locations<strong> in search of bacteria that produce substances<\/strong> that could eventually become new antibiotics, treatments, or pesticides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;If I look for bacteria in rare soils, I\u2019m more likely to discover something new,&#8221; says Licona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Exploring these rarely visited sites is key, as the harsh environmental conditions often push the <strong>organisms living there to produce substances that help them survive.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Once the bacteria are found, this group of scientists <strong>analyzes their DNA to sequence their genetic code<\/strong>. They then search for genes linked to biologically active compounds that could be applied to solve human problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-spotify wp-block-embed-spotify wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Spotify Embed: Ep. 81 - Antibi\u00f3ticos del futuro: la esperanza contra las superbacterias\" style=\"border-radius: 12px\" width=\"100%\" height=\"152\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/embed\/episode\/4853vn7RYXI3ihIDbbkK66?si=140f99ae321e467e&#038;utm_source=oembed\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rare Bacteria From Unexplored Places<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>While it may seem <strong>counterintuitive to look for antibiotics in the very organisms we want to eliminate, <\/strong>understanding the <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ismej\/article\/13\/1\/147\/7475080\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">dynamics between different bacterial species<\/a> and their ecological context makes this idea more logical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Like all living organisms, bacteria in soil or any substrate <strong>compete with others for the resources they need to survive.<\/strong> Many synthesize compounds that prevent others from growing, thus eliminating the competition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Bacteria that produce antibiotics or substances that kill other bacteria or organisms <strong>have also evolved to resist those molecules to avoid dying <\/strong>themselves,&#8221; explains Licona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These aren\u2019t the only useful molecules, though. These microorganisms also produce other <strong>substances that help them make the most <\/strong>of the scarce resources available to them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The idea of searching for microorganisms in less explored environments to find such compounds isn\u2019t new. In the 1950s and &#8217;60s, this approach led to <strong>the discovery of many of the antibiotics we use today.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThat was the golden age of antibiotics,\u201d says the researcher. However, those places eventually became over-explored,<strong> lost their novelty, and the microorganisms there were fully eradicated.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This, along with other factors, has created today\u2019s gap in the discovery of new antibiotics. In response, Licona and his team must explore <strong>even more remote locations to increase their chances<\/strong> of finding new molecules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to Discover New Molecules For Human Use?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To identify these substances, the team follows a method that involves reviewing scientific literature for references to places with extreme or highly unique environmental conditions. <strong>This helps them form hypotheses about where they might find <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/femsec\/article\/93\/9\/fix086\/3934648\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">rare bacteria<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They then travel to these unusual sites,<strong> collect soil samples, and bring them back to the lab.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The team isolates individual bacteria from the samples and<strong> extracts their DNA for complete genome sequencing to uncover clues<\/strong> about potential bioactive compounds, also known as drug leads.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThese types of bacteria can have 20, 30, or even 40 natural products each,\u201d says Licona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Once they have the genetic sequence, they search open-access databases for genes similar to those of known antibiotics, pesticides, medications, or treatments\u2014a process called <strong>gene mining<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If they find genes with low similarity percentages, it could indicate <strong>a new molecule with the desired activity.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To speed up the process, the group developed the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/mgen\/10.1099\/mgen.0.000921\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Biosynthetic Novelty Index<\/a> (BNI), which compares the genes found in bacteria against these databases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe index tells you which genes are least discovered and referenced in the databases,\u201d Licona explains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Future of Biotechnology in Discovering New Molecules<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Once they identify novel molecules with potential to become useful products for humanity, <strong>they share them with clinical researchers, who test their effectiveness<\/strong> in various models until they\u2019re ready for commercial application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe path from finding a compound to it becoming a usable antibiotic <strong>is very long\u2014it takes about 10 to 15 years,<\/strong>\u201d says Licona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to him, <strong>out of ten thousand biologically active molecules discovered, only one<\/strong> becomes a new drug or treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>By narrowing down the molecules worth exploring,<\/strong> this research team helps companies and clinical labs save time, money, and effort.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Currently, they are searching for molecules that could become new antibiotics, pesticides, fertilizers, or <strong>treatments for rare diseases.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe\u2019ve found some molecules <strong>that target pathogens critical to the agroindustry<\/strong> or that help treat diseases like cystic fibrosis or Duchenne muscular dystrophy,\u201d Licona notes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the future, Licona and his team hope to contribute to the<strong> fight against antimicrobial resistance <\/strong>and tackle many other problems that could be solved by these rare bacteria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><strong><em>Did you find this story interesting? Would you like to publish it? Contact our content editor to learn more at&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:marianaleonm@tec.mx\">marianaleonm@tec.mx<\/a>&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A group of Mexican researchers assesses how these harsh conditions boost the survival of organisms.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":165458,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[93],"tags":[156,157],"class_list":["post-165457","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biotechnology","tag-biotechnology","tag-femsa-biotechnology-center"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.0 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Searching bacteria in extreme places for new antibiotics | 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Creo que la ciencia, al fomentar el pensamiento cr\u00edtico, puede empoderar a la humanidad y, al ser la base de los avances tecnol\u00f3gicos, puede ayudarla a vivir en las mejores condiciones posibles.","url":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/author\/igutierrez\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/165457","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=165457"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/165457\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/165458"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=165457"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=165457"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=165457"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}