{"id":165798,"date":"2024-11-12T14:36:50","date_gmt":"2024-11-12T20:36:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/?p=165798"},"modified":"2024-12-13T11:14:53","modified_gmt":"2024-12-13T17:14:53","slug":"seawater-desalination","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/tech\/seawater-desalination\/","title":{"rendered":"Water Scarcity: A Seawater Desalination Project Powered by Solar Energy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>A team of researchers from Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey has devised a solution to tackle water scarcity: a project that uses solar energy to <strong>desalinate seawater<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although 70% of the Earth&#8217;s surface is covered by water, around <strong>3.7 billion people worldwide<\/strong> \u2013 nearly half of the global population \u2013 are affected by a lack of access to clean water. According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000388950\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2024 United Nations World Water Development Report<\/a>, this number could rise to 5.7 billion by 2050.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Desalination involves removing salt and minerals from seawater through methods like reverse osmosis. However, this process requires vast amounts of space and energy, often from fossil fuels, making it both <strong>expensive and environmentally unsustainable<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/research.tec.mx\/vivo-tec\/display\/PID_3340\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Carlos Rivera<\/strong><\/a>, a researcher at the <a href=\"\/en\/tag\/institute-of-advanced-materials-for-sustainable-manufacturing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing<\/strong><\/a> and a professor at the <a href=\"\/en\/tag\/school-of-engineering-and-sciences\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>School of Engineering and Sciences<\/strong><\/a> at Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, explains that the method they developed <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1073\/16\/3\/1541\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">combines two existing technologies<\/a>: solar thermal collectors and membrane distillation.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s a sustainable process that doesn\u2019t pollute. We ran dynamic simulations, and now <strong>we want to build a prototype to prove that seawater can be desalinated using solar energy<\/strong>,\u201d says Rivera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"El potencial de los hongos para limpiar el agua\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OKfkhnRUGxc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How Does a Sustainable Desalination System Work?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Recently, researchers from Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, in collaboration with colleagues from <strong>Imperial College London<\/strong>, developed a <strong>hybrid collector<\/strong> that, much like a solar water heater, harnesses solar radiation to heat liquids and can generate energy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This device <strong>uses a parabolic mirror to focus solar radiation onto a triangular duct<\/strong>. The duct walls are equipped with photovoltaic cells, similar to those found in solar panels, through which fluids such as water or gas flow commonly used in industrial processes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\">The\u00a0<strong>cells collect the solar rays and turn them into electrical energy,<\/strong>\u00a0but in the process, they heat up, which can affect their performance.<\/span> Water is also used to cool them, but in turn, their temperature rises to evaporation levels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When the scientists noticed the water evaporating, they realized they could combine this system with a <strong>vacuum membrane distillation process<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this method, <span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\"><strong>water vapor passes through a porous layer about the size of a sheet of paper made from a polymer<\/strong>\u00a0similar to the Teflon tape used in plumbing<\/span> but four times thinner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c<strong>Only vapor can pass through that membrane<\/strong>, and to make that happen, <strong>we need to heat the water to temperatures between 50 and 80 degrees Celsius<\/strong>. It&#8217;s like when you heat water on the stove, and steam starts to rise as the temperature increases; in this distillation, we separate the vapor without reaching the boiling point,\u201d explains Rivera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the end, <strong>the vapor generated can be drawn in by a vacuum pump into a container where it can condense<\/strong>\u2014that is, it cools back down and returns to its liquid state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Additionally, <strong>the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic cells <\/strong>can power the system&#8217;s mechanisms to track the sun and capture as much solar radiation as possible, as well as the pumps that circulate the fluid and various types of sensors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The researcher notes that another advantage is that <strong>the system can be designed to be compact<\/strong>. This means a smaller membrane area can produce more water than traditional distillation processes, which require large-scale installations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Producing 1,000 Liters of Water Per Day in an Area of 12 Square Meters<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The team of researchers from Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey conducted tests in areas with abundant solar resources in collaboration with scientists from Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, they conducted their experiments in <strong>coastal locations like La Paz and Acapulco in Mexico, Nadi in Fiji, and Singapore<\/strong>. However, the tests can also be applied to desert or semi-arid regions, such as Sonora or Sinaloa, where wells commonly extract water containing salts and other minerals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The results showed that <span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\"><strong>four solar concentrators with membrane distillation<\/strong>, each approximately three meters long by one meter wide \u2014that is, 250 liters per collector\u2014 can produce about 1,000 liters of water per day<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The United Nations General Assembly recognizes the right of all human beings to access a <strong>sufficient amount of water for domestic and personal use (between 50 and 100 liters per person per day)<\/strong>, which must be safe, acceptable, and affordable\u2014 meaning the cost should not exceed 3% of a household\u2019s income.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe are developing the prototype for vacuum membrane distillation and conducting experimental tests at the lab level. <strong>The next step is to integrate the two technologies into a single prototype<\/strong>. The goal is to have a fully functioning one within two years so that companies can see that it\u2019s economically feasible and scalable,\u201d says Rivera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Looking ahead, the researcher envisions this project as<strong> a sustainable, lower-cost alternative for providing water for human consumption <\/strong>and other uses to communities or developing countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Did you find this story interesting? Would you like to publish it? Contact our content editor to learn more at&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:marianaleonm@tec.mx\">marianaleonm@tec.mx<\/a>&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>While methods for obtaining the resource already exist, researchers are proposing a sustainable way to achieve this.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":165799,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[91],"tags":[110,135,24],"class_list":["post-165798","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tech","tag-institute-of-advanced-materials-for-sustainable-manufacturing","tag-school-of-engineering-and-sciences","tag-technology"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.0 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ 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