{"id":168611,"date":"2025-03-11T10:32:33","date_gmt":"2025-03-11T16:32:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/?p=168611"},"modified":"2025-03-13T11:49:26","modified_gmt":"2025-03-13T17:49:26","slug":"sargassum-oil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/biotechnology\/sargassum-oil\/","title":{"rendered":"Sargassum Oil That Enhances the Efficiency of Synthetic Lubricants"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The accumulation of thousands of tons of sargassum along the coasts of the Mexican Caribbean<\/strong> is an environmental challenge that poses serious threats to ocean ecosystems and marine species. It also impacts local economies, tourism, and even public health. In response, researchers at Tec de Monterrey are developing projects to turn this abundant macroalga<\/a> into a valuable resource for various industries<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Georgia Mar\u00eda Gonz\u00e1lez<\/a>, a professor of Bioengineering at the School of Engineering and Sciences<\/a> at Tec de Monterrey, and a researcher at the Institute of Advanced Materials and Sustainable Manufacturing<\/a>, along with Leonardo Farf\u00e1n<\/a>, a research professor in the Department of Mechanics and Advanced Materials at the Puebla campus, have been working on a project to evaluate how oils extracted from sargassum can enhance the properties of synthetic lubricants<\/a> and potentially replace them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This project was funded through the Challenge-Based Research Funding Program 2022 and focuses on leveraging the abundance of sargassum to produce an oil that can serve as an additive in synthetic lubricants<\/strong>, which are commonly used in car engines and industrial machinery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cLubricants<\/a> are essential because they reduce friction between metal components in any machine, ensuring energy efficiency in their operation. The core idea behind this project was to use macro- and microalgae to develop additives that help transition from 100% petroleum-based lubricants to incorporating bio-oils,<\/strong>\u201d explains Gonz\u00e1lez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Through this project, which also involved researchers from the Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional (IPN)<\/strong>, it was demonstrated that adding just 10% sargassum oil into a synthetic lubricant (PAO6) could enhance viscosity levels <\/strong>while also reducing engine wear. This finding highlights the significant potential for greater efficiency and durability in engines and machinery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sargassum Oil as an Additive in Synthetic Lubricants<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When Gonz\u00e1lez talks about a transition, she refers to the ultimate goal of reaching 100% bio-oil usage<\/strong>. However, she acknowledges that \u201cas of today, car engines and factory machinery are not yet ready for that change. So what do we propose? Gradually incorporating these oils as additives<\/strong>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For this project, the researchers tested a formula composed of 10% algae oil and 90% conventional lubricant<\/strong>. They selected PAO6 because it is the standard lubricant used in laboratory tests and is commonly found in vehicle and factory machinery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The tests conducted with this formulation showed that its viscosity decreased\u2014at temperatures of 40\u00b0C and 100\u00b0C\u2014by up to 15%<\/strong>. This reduction means less resistance in machine operation, leading to lower energy consumption. A useful comparison is water versus honey: honey has a higher viscosity, making it thicker, harder to flow, and requiring more effort to handle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the other hand, the viscosity index increased by 26%<\/strong>, helping the lubricant remain more stable across a wide range of temperatures. This indicator relates to how viscosity decreases with heat, allowing mechanical parts to move with less effort.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additional tests measured the wear footprint and friction coefficient<\/strong>, revealing that the sargassum-based additive improved metal part protection in engines by up to 10%<\/strong> compared to pure PAO6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In other words, the 90-10 lubricant formula could help prevent engine, gear, and mechanical part deterioration while potentially extending the lifespan of machinery and vehicles<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Collection and Processing of Sargassum<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Since 2011, the Mexican Caribbean has been invaded each year by sargassum, a macroalga from the Sargassum<\/em> genus. In 2023, media reports indicated that the Mexican Navy collected over 20,000 tons<\/strong> of it. Scientists are also evaluating its impact in different areas<\/a>, such as damage to marine flora and fauna due to light obstruction and changes in water chemistry. Additionally, as it decomposes, sargassum releases substances like heavy metals and gases such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and ammonia\u2014compounds that can pose health risks with continuous exposure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As part of the project, researchers partnered with members of the hospitality industry<\/strong>, who had been affected by the excessive presence of sargassum and had invested in teams of biologists to tackle the issue. It was agreed that hotels would collect the sargassum and send it to Monterrey via air courier within 12 hours to preserve its freshness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once received in the lab, the researchers washed the algae, dried it in ovens, ground it into a fine material, and used chemical solvents to extract the oil<\/strong>. Gonz\u00e1lez acknowledges that these solvents are not environmentally friendly. However, they were necessary for this stage of the research to obtain the oil and analyze its potential in synthetic lubricants. In future phases, the team aims to standardize the process and explore more sustainable extraction methods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After extracting the sargassum oil, the team sent it to the Department of Mechanics and Advanced Materials at the Puebla campus, where it was blended in different proportions with conventional lubricant for tribological testing\u2014evaluating friction, lubrication, and wear<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThis type of study is entirely new. The extraction of oils is still in its early stages and not yet fully standardized. There are very few scientific articles discussing the use of macro- and microalgae oils in biolubricant applications,\u201d explains Gonz\u00e1lez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Microalgae Oil Also Under Evaluation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Gonz\u00e1lez explains that alongside the study on sargassum oil, the team also developed a biolubricant formula using microalgae<\/strong> cultivated in the lab. This compound followed a similar approach, blending 10% algae oil with a commercial automotive lubricant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After a selection process, the researchers chose the Scenedesmus<\/em> species, a microalga\u2014essentially a photosynthetic single-celled organism\u2014that they successfully grew even in wastewater from pig farming<\/strong>. This species was selected due to its high oil content. The process was carried out at a pilot scale using six 100-liter reactors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the cultivation medium was liquid, the team used a centrifugation process to separate the microalgae. Once they obtained the biomass, they used the same solvents previously applied to sargassum to extract the oil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The resulting blend produced a more fluid oil with greater lubricity, but only at temperatures below 137\u00b0C<\/strong> to preserve its properties. \u201cThat\u2019s an important factor,\u201d Gonz\u00e1lez points out. \u201cFor example, car engines don\u2019t typically reach that temperature, but heavy-duty machinery often exceeds it, requiring a different type of lubricant\u2014one that\u2019s more viscous and grease-like.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Algae vs. Land-Based Plants<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The development of plant-based lubricants is not a new concept, says Gonz\u00e1lez. It began gaining traction in the 1980s and 1990s. However, most of these bio-oils have been derived from land-based plants, which is costly and creates competition for agricultural land\u2014forcing a choice between using it for food production or lubricant manufacturing<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this regard, micro- and macroalgae offer a significant advantage over other bio-oil sources like palm or sunflower. They can be cultivated in wastewater or saline environments<\/strong>, eliminating the need for freshwater resources. In the case of sargassum, there\u2019s no need to invest in its growth\u2014only in its collection from the ocean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gonz\u00e1lez explains that the study evaluating the benefits of algae oils as additives has now been completed. However, she points out that the next phase should focus on assessing their toxicity in ecosystems and their degradation time in the environment<\/strong>, which should ideally be shorter than that of conventional lubricants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWith these 10% algae-based additives, we are proposing a transition to more sustainable products<\/strong>. We\u2019re betting more on sargassum because we\u2019re not investing anything in cultivating it. The only costs would be collection, oil extraction, and formulation,\u201d says Gonz\u00e1lez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Were you interested in this story? Do you want to publish it? Contact our content editor to learn more about marianaleonm@tec.mx<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The project utilizing macro- and microalgae aims to develop additives that facilitate the transition from 100% petroleum-based lubricants to the incorporation of bio-oils.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":168612,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[93],"tags":[554,510,110],"class_list":["post-168611","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biotechnology","tag-bioengineering","tag-campus-puebla","tag-institute-of-advanced-materials-for-sustainable-manufacturing"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSolving with Sargassum: Oil That Enhances Synthetic Lubricants | TecScience<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bio-oils derived from sargassum offer a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to conventional mineral oils and additives in lubricant formulations.\" \/>\n<meta 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