{"id":169221,"date":"2025-04-15T15:24:14","date_gmt":"2025-04-15T21:24:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/?p=169221"},"modified":"2025-04-24T13:34:32","modified_gmt":"2025-04-24T19:34:32","slug":"lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/education-and-humanism\/lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences\/","title":{"rendered":"Between Justice and Fear: The Rise of Lynchings in Mexico"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

In March of this year, a man died from blunt force trauma and burns after being lynched by dozens of residents<\/strong> in Tuxtepec, Oaxaca. The crowd had accused him of sexually abusing a minor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A year earlier, a woman lost her life in a similar act of mob violence<\/strong> in Taxco, Guerrero. Locals dragged her and her two children out of their home and beat her with fists, kicks, and wooden sticks. She was accused of being involved in the disappearance and murder of an eight-year-old girl. In both cases, the community didn\u2019t wait for law enforcement to act\u2014they took justice into their own hands<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Historically, lynchings have been part of Mexico\u2019s social landscape<\/strong>, with communities reacting violently against alleged criminals. However, these events tend to backfire, often leading to a heightened sense of insecurity and even a spike in certain crimes<\/strong>, explains Sandra Ley<\/a>, political scientist and Distinguished Professor at the School of Social Sciences and Government<\/a> at Tec de Monterrey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Throughout her career, Ley\u2014a member of the Faculty of Excellence<\/a> initiative\u2014has focused on studying the effects of organized crime in Mexico, particularly how ordinary citizens respond to widespread violence and insecurity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Currently, she is working with colleagues from Tulane University<\/a> and UC Davis<\/a> on a project aimed at understanding the nature and root causes of this social phenomenon<\/strong>\u2014lynching as a form of vigilante justice<\/strong> that differs from the actions of more organized groups like the so-called self-defense forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As part of their research\u2014and in response to the lack of official records and reliable sources\u2014they created the Lynchings in Mexico (LEM) database<\/strong>. It includes detailed information on 2,032 incidents between 2009 and 2022<\/strong>. Drawing from this data, the team is developing a series of papers and analyses exploring the triggers behind the violence<\/strong>, the role and response of authorities, the profiles of the victims, and the broader consequences of mob justice<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\r\n \r\n \"\"\r\n <\/picture>
Sandra Ley is an expert on violence and crime in Mexico. (Photo: Tec de Monterrey)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The Nature and Causes of Lynchings in Mexico<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Lynchings have increased over the past decade<\/strong>. According to the database, there was an upward trend from 2009 to 2018<\/strong>, followed by a steady decline. Still, more than 100 incidents occurred each year between 2019 and 2022<\/b>. Ley points out that this decrease may be linked to the pandemic, which disrupted social dynamics and made it harder for communities to mobilize.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The rise in lynchings has mirrored the surge in criminal activity <\/strong>across various regions of the country. These events have been most frequent in central Mexico<\/strong>\u2014in states like Estado de M\u00e9xico, Puebla, Mexico City, Hidalgo, and Morelos\u2014as well as in parts of the south<\/strong>, including Yucat\u00e1n, Chiapas, and Oaxaca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Several factors contribute to the conditions that allow lynchings to occur: a widespread sense of vulnerability among citizens<\/strong>; feelings of desperation, anger, and collective exhaustion<\/strong>; a deep mistrust of authorities<\/strong> due to their slow or ineffective response to crime; and strong social capital<\/strong> or organized community networks\u2014such as neighborhood or religious groups\u2014that enable collective action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main crimes that drive communities to carry out lynchings are various forms of theft<\/strong>\u2014which account for more than half of the cases. Next come kidnappings<\/strong>, followed by homicides<\/strong>, and finally, crimes involving sexual violence<\/strong>. However, Ley notes that the victims are not always guilty of the crimes they\u2019re accused of.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe\u2019re talking about alleged wrongdoers because, in most cases, we don\u2019t have verified evidence or concrete information proving they actually committed a crime. Lynchings aren\u2019t necessarily based on facts<\/strong>\u2014studies have shown that rumors<\/a> often play a big role in how these events unfold and take shape.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When it comes to the involvement of local authorities and police<\/strong>, the LEM reveals that only a little over 50% of lynching cases include any form of intervention<\/strong>. And when officers do intervene, it\u2019s usually to stop the event or to arrest the victim. However, there are instances where police merely stand by as onlookers, and there have even been cases where they themselves become targets of the mob<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although most lynchings do not end in death, at least a quarter of them result in the victim being killed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For this project, Ley is collaborating with researchers Hannah Baron<\/a> from Tulane University<\/strong>, and Lauren Young<\/a> and Haley Daarstad<\/a> from UC Davis<\/strong>. The development of the LEM involved an extensive review and analysis of national and local newspapers from across the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe hope to make the database publicly available through Tec de Monterrey<\/strong>, as part of the new Democracy and Governance Initiative<\/strong> at the School of Social Sciences and Government<\/a>\u2014and to release it alongside a policy brief that can help spark public dialogue on the issue.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lynchings Fail to Make Communities Safer<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Mexico\u2019s National Human Rights Commission<\/a> defines lynchings as unlawful acts that undermine democratic institutions<\/strong> violate human rights, and\u2014rather than serving as a form of justice\u2014ultimately weaken or obstruct access to true justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the main goals of this research is to examine how lynchings affect people\u2019s sense of security<\/strong>. Early findings suggest their impact is limited and short-lived<\/strong>. They may create a fleeting sense of control or protection, but in the medium to long term, they fail to build trust that violence will decrease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cLynchings may give the impression that something is being done to curb crime,\u201d says Ley, \u201cbut they also highlight the absence of the state<\/strong>. People don\u2019t feel safer when they see their community taking matters into its own hands.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In that context, the lack of a police presence in nearly half of all lynching events<\/strong>\u2014or the limited role they play when they do show up\u2014does little to improve public perception of law enforcement. It may only deepen mistrust toward the authorities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preliminary data from the study also suggests that lynchings do not have the intended effect of reducing crim<\/strong>e. In fact, researchers observed\u00a0an increase in certain types of common crimes in some regions\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>following these events<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For instance, in municipalities with higher rates of crimes, such as car theft, overall crime levels tended to be higher. However, when it comes to high-profile crimes like homicides, there was no significant effect or noticeable change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Ley, addressing the phenomenon of lynching requires strengthening the rule of law<\/strong> through more reliable, effective, and robust institutions. It also calls for building stronger partnerships between society and the state and<\/strong> a broader public conversation about the long-term consequences of citizens taking justice into their own hands<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThere\u2019s an important conversation we still need to have about the consequences of these events\u2014and that\u2019s where we hope to share our findings,\u201d Ley says. \u201cWe need to begin opening up those discussions with real evidence. Through this re<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Did you find this story interesting? Would you like to publish it? Contact our content editor to learn more at marianaleonm@tec.mx<\/a> <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Historically, Mexico has been the stage for violent community reactions against alleged criminals.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":169222,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[558],"tags":[408,372],"class_list":["post-169221","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education-and-humanism","tag-faculty-of-excellence","tag-school-of-social-sciences-and-government"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLynchings in Mexico: Their Causes and Consequences | TecScience<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers developed a national lynching database to examine what triggers these events and how they impact society.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/education-and-humanism\/lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Between Justice and Fear: The Rise of Lynchings in Mexico\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers developed a national lynching database to examine what triggers these events and how they impact society.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/education-and-humanism\/lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"TecScience\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-04-15T21:24:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-04-24T19:34:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/04\/lynchings-in-mexico.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"750\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ricardo Trevi\u00f1o\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ricardo Trevi\u00f1o\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/education-and-humanism\\\/lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/education-and-humanism\\\/lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ricardo Trevi\u00f1o\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d0ed5b5fa0ab2c4754211e4addf201dc\"},\"headline\":\"Between Justice and Fear: The Rise of Lynchings in Mexico\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-04-15T21:24:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-04-24T19:34:32+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/education-and-humanism\\\/lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1165,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/education-and-humanism\\\/lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/9\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/lynchings-in-mexico.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Faculty of Excellence\",\"school of social sciences and government\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Education and Humanism\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/education-and-humanism\\\/lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/education-and-humanism\\\/lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences\\\/\",\"name\":\"Lynchings in Mexico: Their Causes and Consequences | TecScience\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/education-and-humanism\\\/lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/education-and-humanism\\\/lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/9\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/lynchings-in-mexico.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-04-15T21:24:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-04-24T19:34:32+00:00\",\"description\":\"Researchers developed a national lynching database to examine what triggers these events and how they impact society.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/education-and-humanism\\\/lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/education-and-humanism\\\/lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/education-and-humanism\\\/lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/9\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/lynchings-in-mexico.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/9\\\/2025\\\/04\\\/lynchings-in-mexico.jpg\",\"width\":750,\"height\":500,\"caption\":\"Researchers created a database containing data from more than ten years of events. (Illustration: Getty Images)\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/education-and-humanism\\\/lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Between Justice and Fear: The Rise of Lynchings in Mexico\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"TecScience\",\"description\":\"-\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"TecScience\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/9\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/logo-negro-tecscience.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/9\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/logo-negro-tecscience.svg\",\"width\":250,\"height\":38,\"caption\":\"TecScience\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d0ed5b5fa0ab2c4754211e4addf201dc\",\"name\":\"Ricardo Trevi\u00f1o\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4bcc2569d80f3bc04d35c88e014da852d10420f44fbbf0158af3ce158042ba08?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4bcc2569d80f3bc04d35c88e014da852d10420f44fbbf0158af3ce158042ba08?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4bcc2569d80f3bc04d35c88e014da852d10420f44fbbf0158af3ce158042ba08?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Ricardo Trevi\u00f1o\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/author\\\/rtrevino\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Lynchings in Mexico: Their Causes and Consequences | TecScience","description":"Researchers developed a national lynching database to examine what triggers these events and how they impact society.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/education-and-humanism\/lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Between Justice and Fear: The Rise of Lynchings in Mexico","og_description":"Researchers developed a national lynching database to examine what triggers these events and how they impact society.","og_url":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/education-and-humanism\/lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences\/","og_site_name":"TecScience","article_published_time":"2025-04-15T21:24:14+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-04-24T19:34:32+00:00","og_image":[{"width":750,"height":500,"url":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/04\/lynchings-in-mexico.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Ricardo Trevi\u00f1o","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Ricardo Trevi\u00f1o","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/education-and-humanism\/lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/education-and-humanism\/lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences\/"},"author":{"name":"Ricardo Trevi\u00f1o","@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/d0ed5b5fa0ab2c4754211e4addf201dc"},"headline":"Between Justice and Fear: The Rise of Lynchings in Mexico","datePublished":"2025-04-15T21:24:14+00:00","dateModified":"2025-04-24T19:34:32+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/education-and-humanism\/lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences\/"},"wordCount":1165,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/education-and-humanism\/lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/04\/lynchings-in-mexico.jpg","keywords":["Faculty of Excellence","school of social sciences and government"],"articleSection":["Education and Humanism"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/education-and-humanism\/lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences\/","url":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/education-and-humanism\/lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences\/","name":"Lynchings in Mexico: Their Causes and Consequences | TecScience","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/education-and-humanism\/lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/education-and-humanism\/lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/04\/lynchings-in-mexico.jpg","datePublished":"2025-04-15T21:24:14+00:00","dateModified":"2025-04-24T19:34:32+00:00","description":"Researchers developed a national lynching database to examine what triggers these events and how they impact society.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/education-and-humanism\/lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/education-and-humanism\/lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/education-and-humanism\/lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/04\/lynchings-in-mexico.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/04\/lynchings-in-mexico.jpg","width":750,"height":500,"caption":"Researchers created a database containing data from more than ten years of events. (Illustration: Getty Images)"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/education-and-humanism\/lynchings-in-mexico-their-causes-and-consequences\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Between Justice and Fear: The Rise of Lynchings in Mexico"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/","name":"TecScience","description":"-","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/#organization","name":"TecScience","url":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2022\/11\/logo-negro-tecscience.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2022\/11\/logo-negro-tecscience.svg","width":250,"height":38,"caption":"TecScience"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/d0ed5b5fa0ab2c4754211e4addf201dc","name":"Ricardo Trevi\u00f1o","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4bcc2569d80f3bc04d35c88e014da852d10420f44fbbf0158af3ce158042ba08?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4bcc2569d80f3bc04d35c88e014da852d10420f44fbbf0158af3ce158042ba08?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4bcc2569d80f3bc04d35c88e014da852d10420f44fbbf0158af3ce158042ba08?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ricardo Trevi\u00f1o"},"url":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/author\/rtrevino\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/169221","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/47"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=169221"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/169221\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/169222"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=169221"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=169221"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=169221"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}