{"id":169847,"date":"2025-05-28T14:53:45","date_gmt":"2025-05-28T20:53:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/?p=169847"},"modified":"2025-05-29T15:45:48","modified_gmt":"2025-05-29T21:45:48","slug":"impact-adverse-childhood-experiences","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/health\/impact-adverse-childhood-experiences\/","title":{"rendered":"Researchers use biological samples to study the impact of adverse childhood experiences"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Do early <a href=\"\/en\/health\/adverse-childhood-experiences\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">adverse childhood experiences<\/a> (ACEs) have a lasting effect on physical health later in life? A team of researchers at Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey is working on a project that seeks to draw connections between the psychological toll of these stressful events and a heightened risk of <strong>developing conditions like obesity, diabetes, or hypertension<\/strong>\u2014by analyzing biological samples such as hair, saliva, stool, urine, and blood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ACEs are traumatic events that\u2014without proper support\u2014can <strong>disrupt the healthy development of children<\/strong>. These include physical, sexual, or emotional abuse; physical and emotional neglect; witnessing domestic violence; or having family members with addictions, mental illness, or who are incarcerated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/research.tec.mx\/vivo-tec\/display\/PID_121165\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Alejandra Ch\u00e1vez Santoscoy<\/a>, a research professor at the <a href=\"\/en\/tag\/school-of-engineering-and-sciences\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">School of Engineering and Sciences<\/a> (EIC) and head of the <a href=\"\/en\/tech\/what-is-a-core-lab\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Core Lab: Genomics<\/a>, explains that the project titled <em>Search for microbiome biomarkers associated with adverse events in children\u2019s mental health for early prevention and diagnosis<\/em> takes both a sociodemographic and biological approach to understand how ACEs can leave a physical imprint on children.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cMaybe we can\u2019t prevent a child from going through an adverse experience,\u201d Ch\u00e1vez says, \u201cbut we can try to <strong>reduce the impact it has on their health<\/strong>.\u201d The project brings together researchers from EIC and the <a href=\"\/en\/tag\/school-of-medicine-and-health-sciences\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">School of Medicine and Health Sciences<\/a> (EMCS), in collaboration with the Tec\u2019s <a href=\"\/en\/tag\/center-for-early-childhood\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Center for Early Childhood<\/a> and Fundaci\u00f3n FEMSA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Preliminary results show that <strong>children who experienced more adversity tend to have higher levels of pathogenic microorganisms in their microbiome<\/strong>\u2014some linked to cavities, periodontitis, and inflammation. Meanwhile, those with a significant number of positive, nurturing experiences showed a stronger presence of beneficial microorganisms that support immune and gut health, such as lactobacilli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Cuando la infancia deja cicatrices: el costo oculto del estr\u00e9s t\u00f3xico\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3BRJrihqwdo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Captions are available in English. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The physiological impact of ACEs<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the <a href=\"\/en\/human-social\/9-out-of-10-mexicans-experienced-adverse-childhood-events\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">First National Survey on Adverse Childhood Experiences<\/a> conducted by the Early Childhood Center, <strong>nine out of ten Mexican adults experienced at least one ACE during their childhood<\/strong>, and <strong>22.6% went through more than four<\/strong>. \u201cHaving more than four adverse experiences is linked, for instance, to a higher risk of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension\u2014and the odds are even greater: eight times higher for suicide and six times higher for major depression.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u00e1vez points out that, until now, Mexico lacked enough data to clearly determine whether childhood experiences had a measurable impact on physical health. What\u2019s more, most current prevention strategies focus on health issues once people have already reached adulthood. By incorporating biological analysis into the findings of the national survey, this study will offer a clearer picture of <strong>how ACEs affect children\u2019s health<\/strong>\u2014and pave the way for solutions, early diagnoses, and timely interventions starting in childhood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The study involves the collection of non-invasive biological samples to identify <strong>biomarkers linked to health problems<\/strong>. For example, hair samples are used to measure cortisol levels\u2014the so-called stress hormone\u2014which is also present in children but can have a stronger impact due to their limited ability to regulate emotions at a young age. The exact amount of <a href=\"\/en\/health\/what-is-cortisol\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">cortisol<\/a> accumulated over time is determined using spectrophotometric analysis to assess chronic stress levels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As part of the collection process, the team is also <strong>studying two types of microbiota<\/strong>. Oral microbiota is gathered through saliva samples or buccal swabs, and gut microbiota is analyzed using stool samples. Genetic sequencing helps determine the bacterial composition in the gut and detect the presence of harmful microorganisms, deficiencies in beneficial bacteria, or imbalances associated with issues like chronic inflammation, colitis, or a predisposition to obesity. \u201cThe microbiota acts like a mirror of the child\u2019s condition\u2014even when parents might not notice anything is wrong,\u201d Ch\u00e1vez explains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The research team also <strong>analyzes blood samples<\/strong> using techniques such as ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay) to detect proteins and molecules of the immune system, as well as markers of chronic inflammation\u2014like interleukins and TNF-\u03b1. These markers are associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, and with psychological conditions including depression and long-term chronic stress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Cross-referencing biological samples with sociodemographic data<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The project\u2019s methodology also includes gathering <strong>information about the child\u2019s family, social, and environmental context<\/strong>. This data is then cross-referenced with the biological samples and other anthropometric measurements, such as weight, height, and body mass index, that help assess the child\u2019s overall health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This information is collected through <strong>surveys completed by parents or guardians<\/strong>, in which they report their own adverse experiences as well as those they\u2019ve observed in their children. The surveys also ask about household characteristics, dietary habits, medication or antibiotic use, and other relevant factors. \u201cOnce we have all the data, we try to correlate what the parent reported with what we\u2019re seeing biologically in each of the markers,\u201d Ch\u00e1vez explains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the biggest challenges the project has faced is the cost\u2014each full analysis is estimated at around 15,000 pesos, at minimum. Because of this, the study initially focuses on a regional level, within the Monterrey metropolitan area, through a partnership with the Centros de Desarrollo Infantil (CENDI)\u2014early childhood care and education centers. There, 100 parent-child pairs participated, meaning <strong>200 samples were collected in total<\/strong>. The children were between 3 and 5 years old.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Early childhood as a \u201cwindow for early intervention\u201d<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u00e1vez emphasizes that the goal is to <strong>intervene early<\/strong>. While it\u2019s still unclear exactly when adversity begins to cause harm to a child\u2019s health, this particular stage of development was chosen because it represents a window for early intervention\u2014when the effects of chronic stress can still be reversed. In other words, if we can identify which children are beginning to show signs of health issues due to adverse experiences, we could potentially prevent many of the diseases that currently overwhelm public health systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The outcomes of this project could have <strong>clinical, nutritional, and public health implications<\/strong>. These might include incorporating emotional and social dimensions into medical guidelines; developing functional diets, probiotics, and personalized foods for children in vulnerable environments; and investing in the prevention of conditions like diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and depression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, even though all the biological samples have already been collected for the study, additional resources are still needed to complete the analysis\u2014which is currently about halfway through. \u201cWe would love to see this project carried out at a national level,\u201d says Ch\u00e1vez, \u201cbut at the end of the day, these biological samples come with a cost that makes scaling up a real challenge. If we invest in early childhood, we can ease the burden of health problems we see later in the adult population.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Were you interested in this story? Do you want to publish it? Contact our content editor to learn more&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:marianaleonm@tec.mx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">marianaleonm@tec.mx<\/a>.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The study includes the collection of non-invasive samples\u2014for example, hair\u2014to measure cortisol levels, the hormone commonly associated with stress.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":169849,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[391,135,138],"class_list":["post-169847","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","tag-center-for-early-childhood","tag-school-of-engineering-and-sciences","tag-school-of-medicine-and-health-sciences"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.0 (Yoast SEO 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