{"id":170552,"date":"2025-07-22T16:55:58","date_gmt":"2025-07-22T22:55:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/?p=170552"},"modified":"2025-08-01T10:08:23","modified_gmt":"2025-08-01T16:08:23","slug":"biodegradable-plastic-from-coffee-waste","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/industrial-transformation\/biodegradable-plastic-from-coffee-waste\/","title":{"rendered":"A Material of the Future: Petroleum-Free Plastic Made from Coffee Waste"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Imagine that after brewing your morning coffee, instead of tossing the grounds into the trash, they could be repurposed to create a more eco-friendly type of plastic. That\u2019s precisely the goal of a team of researchers who have developed a <strong>biodegradable compound<\/strong> by blending <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0142941824002538\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">polylactic acid (PLA) with coffee waste<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/research.tec.mx\/vivo-tec\/display\/PID_114562\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cecilia Trevi\u00f1o<\/a>, a researcher at the <a href=\"\/en\/tag\/institute-of-advanced-materials-for-sustainable-manufacturing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing<\/a> (IAMSM) and professor at the <a href=\"\/en\/tag\/school-of-engineering-and-sciences\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">School of Engineering and Sciences<\/a> at Tec de Monterrey\u2019s Quer\u00e9taro campus, explains that the project received support from <a href=\"https:\/\/fundacionfemsa.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fundaci\u00f3n FEMSA<\/a>\u2019s \u201c<strong>Materials of the Future<\/strong>\u201d initiative. It aims to add value to the waste generated during the production of Andatti coffee, which is sold in Oxxo convenience stores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PLA is a type of plastic that, while considered a more sustainable alternative to conventional plastics, still contains components derived from petroleum or agro-industrial residues, which makes it harder to break down.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Used coffee grounds, meanwhile, are rarely repurposed. They typically end up in the trash and, more often than not, in landfills. There, as they decompose, they release methane\u2014a greenhouse gas with a far greater warming potential than CO2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With this in mind, the scientists developed a new formulation to enhance this plastic by mixing it with agro-industrial coffee waste. \u201cIn addition to having <strong>better biodegradation properties<\/strong>, it also <strong>improves mechanical strength and stretchability<\/strong>, making it an ideal material for packaging perishable foods,\u201d says Trevi\u00f1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Beyond these improvements, Trevi\u00f1o, who also works with the <strong>Department of Mechanics and Advanced Materials<\/strong> at the Quer\u00e9taro campus, points out that the resulting compound is competitively priced compared to other plastics with a higher environmental impact.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"C\u00f3mo los desechos industriales pueden ayudar a limpiar r\u00edos\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/NKwizFJIVrY?start=3&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Captions for &#8220;How Can Industrial Waste Could Help Crean Some Rivers&#8221; are available in English. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">PLA and Coffee Waste: The Formula Behind a New Compound<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To develop the bioplastic, <strong>researchers used two types of coffee waste<\/strong> as reinforcement: <strong>silver skin<\/strong>\u2014the thin layer that peels off the bean before roasting\u2014and <strong>spent coffee grounds<\/strong>, the leftover grounds after brewing a cup.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For the production process, the team tested various concentrations of coffee waste\u20140.5%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 10%\u2014to reinforce the PLA structure and evaluate its <strong>mechanical strength, thermal stability, and crystallinity<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe biggest challenge was to test the hypothesis that this material would perform better in terms of flow, mechanical properties\u2014such as strength and elongation\u2014and that it would also be biodegradable. But the results so far have been very promising,\u201d the expert notes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The most favorable results came from using spent coffee grounds. In particular, adding 3% of this waste produced overall better performance compared to pure PLA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For instance, at this concentration, the material\u2019s<strong> strength before breaking increased by 54.4%<\/strong>, and its <strong>stiffness rose by 9.18%<\/strong>. Its <strong>degradation temperature also jumped from 361.52 to 380.56 degrees Celsius<\/strong>. Additionally, researchers observed an improved internal structure, which enhances flow properties\u2014an advantage for molding processes like injection, extrusion, or thermoforming, even for thin applications such as clamshell packaging (used for blackberries or cherry tomatoes).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What\u2019s more, the new compound decomposes faster than PLA on its own. According to Trevi\u00f1o, preliminary tests showed <strong>a 40% degradation within 60 days<\/strong>, and it\u2019s estimated that full decomposition could occur within three to four months under proper composting conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A Sustainable Plastic: From Nature to Nature<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The method used to develop the compound is also designed to be more eco-friendly, says the researcher.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIn our effort to make the bioplastic as sustainable as possible, we didn\u2019t add any industrial additives, chemicals, or anything like that. We relied solely on <strong>mechanical and heat-based processes<\/strong>. It\u2019s what we call \u2018from nature to nature\u2019\u2014it comes from nature and returns to it, without environmental impact or carbon emissions. At IAMSM, we refer to these as net zero waste polymers,\u201d Trevi\u00f1o explains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After determining that spent coffee grounds\u2014the ground coffee used to brew the beverage\u2014were the best-performing option for creating the compound, the researchers applied a thermal process to completely remove any moisture from the grounds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Thorough drying<\/strong> is essential because PLA is a hydrophobic material, meaning it repels water. Moisture could weaken the bond and lead to structural issues such as voids, fragile spots, or cracks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Once fully dried, the coffee waste is ground into uniform particle sizes to ensure even dispersion throughout the polymer, avoiding weak points in the material\u2019s structure. Finally, mechanical and heat-based processes are used to <strong>directly mix the coffee particles with the PLA<\/strong>, resulting in the final plastic compound.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To validate the material\u2019s properties, researchers conducted thermal tests\u2014heating and cooling the material\u2014to observe how it responds to sudden temperature changes; spectroscopy analyses to examine its chemical structure and determine if the coffee and PLA are molecularly compatible; and electron microscopy to check for internal voids or defects. They also carried out biodegradation studies through composting trials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Potential of a New Bioplastic<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The compound developed by scientists in the lab offers a promising alternative to reduce the use of fossil-based plastics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For instance, when composting conventional plastics used in packaging for sandwiches and other perishable foods, it\u2019s necessary to separate the organic waste from the packaging to enable proper degradation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This adds cost, time, logistical challenges, and labor. Moreover, due to health regulations, these plastics typically can\u2019t be recycled, so they often end up with regular waste\u2014meaning they\u2019re neither composted nor recycled.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The advantage of this new bioplastic is that <strong>the packaging can be composted with the food<\/strong>, eliminating the need for separation. \u201cWhat we\u2019re proposing is that everything can be composted together\u2014just toss it all in, and it goes straight into composting without any extra sorting,\u201d says Trevi\u00f1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This approach completes the <a href=\"\/en\/business-innovation\/circular-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">circular economy<\/a> cycle: the material originates from agro-industrial waste and, when discarded, returns to nature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore, the compound\u2019s flowability, strength, and elongation properties make it easier for industries to adopt it in sectors such as food, agriculture, and logistics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Currently, the team is producing the coffee waste-based bioplastic in the lab. With funding from the <a href=\"https:\/\/conecta.tec.mx\/en\/news\/queretaro\/education\/districtqro-consortium-launched-promote-research-and-innovation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">distritoQRO consortium<\/a>, they\u2019re now working to scale the project using <strong>industrial equipment<\/strong>, including an extruder machine to manufacture pellets that can be used in injection molding or thermoforming processes. They also aim to produce real-world clamshell-style packaging for agricultural products grown in the region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In parallel, the team is collaborating with the <a href=\"\/en\/business-innovation\/technology-transfer-office\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Technology Transfer Office<\/a> at Tec de Monterrey to file a patent application to protect their innovation. Trevi\u00f1o notes that a market and scalability study will eventually be conducted to evaluate the compound\u2019s commercial viability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>She adds that beyond coffee waste, the team is exploring this method with other types of agro-industrial residues such as pineapple, cassava, and agave. \u201cWe\u2019re trying to <strong>repurpose what would otherwise be trash<\/strong>\u2014waste that contributes to pollution. We\u2019re testing different residues in various combinations for a range of applications. The goal is to create more alternatives to make use of whatever waste the industry generates. That\u2019s what we\u2019re aiming for.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Were you interested in this story? Do you want to publish it? Contact our content editor to learn more&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:marianaleonm@tec.mx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">marianaleonm@tec.mx<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In preliminary tests, a 40% degradation was achieved within 60 days, and the process is expected to be completed in three to four months.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":170553,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[557],"tags":[509,570,110,135],"class_list":["post-170552","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industrial-transformation","tag-campus-queretaro","tag-femsa-foundation","tag-institute-of-advanced-materials-for-sustainable-manufacturing","tag-school-of-engineering-and-sciences"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast 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