{"id":170784,"date":"2025-08-25T13:59:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-25T19:59:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/?p=170784"},"modified":"2026-02-27T12:26:43","modified_gmt":"2026-02-27T18:26:43","slug":"science-fights-back-dengue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/climate-and-sustainability\/science-fights-back-dengue\/","title":{"rendered":"Science Fights Back Against Dengue, the Tropical Disease Turned Global Threat"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>The pain and fatigue started one October afternoon last year<\/strong>. Although unusual for me, I tried to convince myself it was just normal soreness from exercise or work overload. But almost overnight, the discomfort turned into torment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The only way I can describe it is like needles piercing my joints, a heavy pressure on my lower back, and the eerie feeling that my eyes were being pulled backward.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the time, I was living in Guadalajara, Jalisco, where daily headlines warned of a <a href=\"\/en\/health\/dengue\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">dengue crisis<\/a>. As a science journalist, it didn\u2019t take long to put the pieces together: I was in the middle of a record-breaking outbreak, exposed to the mosquito that transmits the disease, and showing several of its telltale symptoms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After ordering a confirmatory antigen test and a complete blood count to monitor warning signs, my doctor prescribed isolation, near-total rest, fever reducers, and plenty of fluids.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Like most cases, mine was considered mild\u2014but it still knocked me out for two weeks. And when I finally felt like myself again, a month later, I was left with far more questions than answers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-spotify wp-block-embed-spotify wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Spotify Embed: Ep. 126 - \u00bfMilagro o mito? La ciencia detr\u00e1s del negocio de las vitaminas y suplementos\" style=\"border-radius: 12px\" width=\"100%\" height=\"152\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/embed\/episode\/7j83zNJ5cAH35Tg0NM6NE6?si=NC7I9FqoQMiSaM5LPVW-aA&#038;utm_source=oembed\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><strong>Podcast in Spanish<\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Who Does Dengue Affect?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Just a few years ago, the idea that dengue could reach mountain regions or temperate latitudes seemed impossible. Yet today it\u2019s no longer a disease of impoverished tropical areas\u2014it\u2019s a global threat that, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), now puts half of humanity at risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cDengue is an infectious disease caused by an <a href=\"\/en\/biotechnology\/what-is-rna\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">RNA virus<\/a> transmitted through the bite of female Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquitoes,\u201d explains <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/scientific-contributions\/Mariana-Merlo-Palomera-2195380967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mariana Merlo<\/a>, president of the Infectology Society of Jalisco.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><picture>\r\n                <source srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/08\/dengue.webp\" type=\"image\/webp\">\r\n                <img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/08\/dengue.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-170785\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/08\/dengue.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/08\/dengue-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/08\/dengue-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2025\/08\/dengue-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\r\n            <\/picture><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>There are four viral serotypes, and catching one of them doesn\u2019t grant immunity against the others. On the contrary, as Merlo points out, \u201cover the course of a lifetime, any patient can be infected with all four types of dengue, and each reinfection increases the risk of severe disease by 3.5 times.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To make matters worse, the fatality rate is rising. Biomedical researcher <a href=\"https:\/\/www.insp.mx\/investigador\/rosa-victoria-pando-robles\/5pyl7B2OZa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Victoria Pando Robles<\/a>, from Mexico\u2019s National Institute of Public Health, notes that \u201cin 2010 it was under 1%, but by 2020 it had climbed to nearly 3%.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>She also highlights a troubling trend: while severe cases remain more common among pregnant women, older adults, and patients with comorbidities, \u201cwe\u2019re seeing a significant increase among people under 20.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why haven\u2019t we controlled it?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For decades, the dominant belief was that eliminating mosquito vectors would solve the dengue problem. As a result, public health strategies relied heavily on the mass use of insecticides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But <a href=\"\/en\/climate-and-sustainability\/pablo-liedo-pest-control\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jos\u00e9 Pablo Liedo<\/a>, a researcher at El Colegio de la Frontera Sur and recipient of the EXATEC award, is one of its most vocal critics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAll the evidence has shown the ineffectiveness of the methods we\u2019ve been using,\u201d he warns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Overuse of insecticides has serious consequences: they often fail to kill eggs or larvae, create a false sense of security, wipe out non-pest species, pollute the environment, and drive resistance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Take DDT, for example. When its widespread use began in 1946, resistant mosquito populations were already documented by the following year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pando Robles adds that dengue is far more complex than just the mosquito itself. Human mobility, she explains, is crucial: \u201cMosquitoes fly only 200 to 600 meters\u2014not even across a city block. The ones really carrying the virus around are people, because we move much farther.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Liedo, meanwhile, underscores the role of rapid urbanization. The dengue mosquito is an urban insect, he says: \u201cOutside of where humans live, there\u2019s no Aedes aegypti. Places with heavy rainfall but poor water infrastructure, sewage systems, and potable water are hotspots for this kind of disease.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And then there\u2019s climate change, which is expanding the mosquito\u2019s reach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAedes albopictus\u2014which also transmits dengue, chikungunya, and Zika\u2014is now reported in southern Europe: in Italy, in southern France. That had never happened before,\u201d Liedo says. And unless action is taken, projections suggest an even grimmer future. A 2019 study using climate models found that under the worst-case scenarios, nearly 1 billion more people could be exposed to dengue this century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can we ever eradicate it?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The shortcomings of traditional strategies have prompted science to adopt new, multifaceted approaches. Among the most promising are two vector-control methods:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT): Instead of killing mosquitoes, it reduces their reproduction. Males are bred in labs, sterilized with radiation, and released en masse to mate with wild females. With no offspring, populations gradually shrink. Pilot projects in Singapore and Cuba have shown both safety and potential.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es y c\u00f3mo funciona la t\u00e9cnica del insecto est\u00e9ril para el control de plagas?\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/JApufCXP9b8?start=28&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><strong>Subtitles Available in English <\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wolbachia bacteria: By deliberately introducing Wolbachia into mosquitoes, the insects lose their ability to transmit dengue. Liedo refers to this as a \u201creplacement technique\u201d that has proven effective in projects in Australia. Still, the risk remains that the bacteria could lose its virus-blocking ability\u2014so some specialists suggest combining it with SIT.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On another front, vaccines are beginning to offer hope. Merlo specifically points to QDENGA, now in use in countries such as Brazil, with a 60% efficacy rate. Unlike earlier options, it doesn\u2019t require prior infection for effectiveness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Liedo concedes that eradicating dengue may be unrealistic. But with an integrated toolkit, he believes its impact can be significantly reduced. Pando Robles insists the real danger is complacency: we can\u2019t afford to accept dengue as a disease that \u201cjust happens to everyone.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prevention, ultimately, begins at home\u2014clearing patios, turning over containers, and eliminating standing water where mosquitoes breed. Only through a combination of cutting-edge science and collective awareness can we hope to contain an epidemic that no longer respects borders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Interested in this story? Want to publish it? Contact our content editor at <a href=\"mailto:marianaleonm@tec.mx\">marianaleonm@tec.mx<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The first symptoms felt like simple fatigue and muscle aches, but they quickly turned into something unbearable: needles stabbing the joints, pressure in the lower back, and the eerie sensation of eyes being pulled backward.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":55,"featured_media":170786,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[556],"tags":[144],"class_list":["post-170784","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-and-sustainability","tag-tecsalud"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.0 (Yoast SEO v27.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ 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