{"id":172529,"date":"2026-02-25T14:43:11","date_gmt":"2026-02-25T20:43:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/?p=172529"},"modified":"2026-03-09T15:19:54","modified_gmt":"2026-03-09T21:19:54","slug":"3d-printing-of-food","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/biotechnology\/3d-printing-of-food\/","title":{"rendered":"Mexican Study Shows How to 3D Print Real and Nutritious Food"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>In the world of 3D food printing, achieving complex formulations that are truly nutritious is no easy feat. Most researchers only use two or three ingredients. A team of Mexican researchers has demonstrated that it is possible to print real food.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In their study, titled <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S2214860422004225\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Evaluation of rheology and printability of 3D printing nutritious food with complex formulations<\/a><\/em>, the experts designed mixtures with up to nine ingredients, intended to meet the nutritional requirements of children.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThere&#8217;s no reason to limit ourselves in the number of ingredients we can use for printing,\u201d explains <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Ruben-Maldonado-Rosas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Rub\u00e9n Maldonado<\/a>, PhD in biotechnology from the <a href=\"\/en\/tag\/school-of-engineering-and-sciences\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">School of Engineering and Sciences<\/a> (EIC) at Tec de Monterrey and first author of the article.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Their research represents a major advance in this emerging field and has therefore been awarded the 2025 <a href=\"\/en\/tag\/romulo-garza-award\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">R\u00f3mulo Garza Award<\/a> in the Published Scientific Article category.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><picture>\r\n                <source srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2026\/02\/premio-romulo-garza-2025-4.webp\" type=\"image\/webp\">\r\n                <img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2026\/02\/premio-romulo-garza-2025-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-172629\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2026\/02\/premio-romulo-garza-2025-4.jpg 750w, https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2026\/02\/premio-romulo-garza-2025-4-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/>\r\n            <\/picture><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">From left to right: Mariana Morales, Enrique Cuan, Viridiana Alejandra Tejada, and Rub\u00e9n Maldonado, winners in the Scientific Articles category. (Photo: Alejandro Salazar \/ TecScience)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In conventional <a href=\"\/en?s=3d+printing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">3D printing<\/a>, materials\u2014plastics, resins, or metals\u2014are designed to flow and solidify under regulated conditions, but food is a biological system that is more difficult to control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For this reason, for years, studies have simplified the problem by using minimal mixtures containing two or three ingredients, such as water and a protein concentrate, for example.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWhen we talk about what really constitutes food, we should consider its nutritional value, that it contains protein and fiber, not just carbohydrates,\u201d points out <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/authwall?trk=bf&amp;trkInfo=AQGS6w_Hx2mo2gAAAZyL8wMIgEHAPNEHcE66cpMLUMLVpEtMDCrggjDC81ckM198PDMHmdOC2_pj-dKMldPMRnffP7nyYkYWu_J1FMggv9ZkzT5uiPT07wCSrc4VUR9GGiGTXzo=&amp;original_referer=&amp;sessionRedirect=https%3A%2F%2Fmx.linkedin.com%2Fin%2Fviridiana-tejada-ortigoza-301b47110\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Viridana Tejada<\/a>, a research professor from the Department of Bioengineering at EIC and co-author of the study.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The article is part of a line of research that Tejada began in 2020 after being awarded the L\u2019Or\u00e9al Fellowship for Women in Science.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3D Food Printing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To print complex formulations, the researchers varied the concentration of pregelatinized corn starch and the printing temperature, finding the ideal parameters for these two variables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe formulations become so complex due to the interaction between all the ingredients that it\u2019s almost impossible to print them,\u201d says Tejada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although it sounds simple, it\u2019s not always possible to achieve the <strong>right consistency and shape <\/strong>for the printed product, preventing it from collapsing during the process or from it getting stuck in the printer head. With each added ingredient, the complexity increases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cFoods are generally not natively printable; we realized this because they would spread and water would escape from our formulations,\u201d says Maldonado. \u201cWe looked for a key ingredient that would help us avoid these problems.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the heart of the study was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/materials-science\/rheology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">rheology<\/a>, a branch of physics that studies the deformation and flow of matter in solid and liquid states. In 3D printing, rheology can determine whether a mixture can flow out of the printer head and maintain its structure once outside.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Until now, many studies have measured the physical properties of food, without being able to directly relate them to the final printed result.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The team managed to establish a mathematical correlation between rheological parameters and the printability of a mixture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In their study\u2014and in general\u2014rheology allows for the prediction of whether a mixture will work before printing it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Although it&#8217;s often thought that the higher the starch concentration, the better the print quality, that&#8217;s not necessarily the case,&#8221; explains Maldonado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Their finding breaks with one of the most widespread assumptions in the industry: that increasing viscosity is enough to improve printing. In reality, what matters is finding the perfect balance between fluidity and rigidity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Customizable Foods<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the researchers, the advantage of 3D printing, instead of mixing ingredients and pouring them into molds, is the possibility of customization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In their vision, everyone could have a 3D printer at home in the future. \u201cThat\u2019s what we should expect: that you buy your nutritious mix at the supermarket, like pancake mix, add water, and let it print,\u201d the expert explains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Printing food opens up the possibility of designing snacks that taste good but are also nutritious for hospital patients, seniors with swallowing difficulties, or children with specific nutritional needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Currently, most snacks that are printed or sold in stores contain ingredients like sugar, glucose syrup, gelatin, artificial flavorings, vegetable waxes, or colorings, so they can\u2019t really be called food.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore, printing allows for the use of sustainable ingredients, such as fruit peels, which are currently considered waste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the study, they used amaranth leaves, fruit pulp, cacao, sugar, and cricket protein, for example. The result was a paste with a pleasant flavor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The idea is to continue along the same lines so that eventually anyone can print food.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cFifty years ago, it was unthinkable that everyone would have a microwave, but today we all have one with a <em>popcorn<\/em> button,\u201d Tejada reflects. \u201cThat means someone calculated the power and time needed to pop them.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To reach this futuristic scenario, it is essential to understand how food behaves when used as a material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cMy vision is something similar to the replicator in <em>Star Trek<\/em>: a device capable of manufacturing personalized food on demand,\u201d Maldonado concludes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Did you find this story interesting? Would you like to publish it? Contact our content editor for more information: <a href=\"mailto:marianaleonm@tec.mx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">marianaleonm@tec.mx<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A study, winner of the R\u00f3mulo Garza Award, demonstrates that it is possible to 3D print mixtures of up to nine ingredients.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":172647,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[93],"tags":[501,135,203,578],"class_list":["post-172529","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biotechnology","tag-romulo-garza-award","tag-school-of-engineering-and-sciences","tag-tec-science-summit","tag-tec-science-summit-2026"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.0 (Yoast SEO 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