{"id":172964,"date":"2026-04-06T14:05:58","date_gmt":"2026-04-06T20:05:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/?p=172964"},"modified":"2026-04-07T14:15:30","modified_gmt":"2026-04-07T20:15:30","slug":"olive-bitter-taste","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/health\/olive-bitter-taste\/","title":{"rendered":"The Flavor Trail of Oilve Oil: This is How Oluropein, associated with Health Benefits, is Produced"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The bitter taste of olive oil and olives is one of their most prized qualities. Behind this tree lies a mystery that science is only beginning to unravel, and it could have implications for both improving crops and combating metabolic diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cell.com\/plant-communications\/fulltext\/S2590-3462(26)00021-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">new study<\/a> has identified the <strong>biochemical pathway<\/strong> that allows the olive tree \u2014<em>Olea europaea<\/em>\u2014 to produce oleuropein, a molecule responsible for the fruit&#8217;s flavor and which has been associated with antioxidant properties and potential cardiovascular benefits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThis work largely stems from frustration,\u201d says <a href=\"https:\/\/research.tec.mx\/vivo-tec\/display\/PID_129734?_gl=1*1qm5xz3*_gcl_au*MTA0MjM4NTg0LjE3NzUyMzE4NTYuMjk4NjIxMTM2LjE3NzU1ODExOTMuMTc3NTU4MTE5Mg..*_ga*MTgwNjAwNDE5Ni4xNzc1MjMxODU2*_ga_D9LSDN87GD*czE3NzU1Nzc1MDckbzYkZzEkdDE3NzU1ODI2ODUkajYwJGwwJGg2MTM4MDUwMQ..\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Carlos Rodr\u00edguez<\/a>, a researcher at the Integrative Biology Unit of the <a href=\"\/en\/tag\/institute-for-obesity-research\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Institute for Obesity Research<\/a> at Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey and author of the article.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Like the scientific community that studies <a href=\"\/en\/climate-and-sustainability\/how-do-plants-resist-climate-change\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">plants<\/a>, Rodr\u00edguez assumed that the olive used similar mechanisms to produce similar compounds, but the experiments did not work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To solve this, him and his team compared different plants that produce similar compounds, such as ash and jasmine. They looked at which genes were active in different tissues\u2014roots, leaves, and fruits\u2014but produced related molecules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Farmacognosia: de las plantas medicinales a la medicina moderna\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/E-Pn_PAAdSM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u201cWe Know Very Little About Plants\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This approach allowed the complete route to be reconstructed, closing a knowledge gap that had persisted for decades. \u201cIt may not seem like it, but <strong>we know very little about plants, even the ones we eat<\/strong>,\u201d says Rodr\u00edguez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They cross-referenced large volumes of genomic data and narrowed down thousands of potential candidates to a few hundred. Then, they selected a group of enzymes and tested them experimentally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thus, they discovered that the route the plant follows to produce oleuropein did not depend on the enzymes that the scientific community had assumed \u2014cytochrome P450 type\u2014 but on the family of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The research is the result of a multinational collaboration, with researchers from Italy, China and Germany, and institutions such as the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ice.mpg.de\/94614\/about-the-institute\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibbr.cnr.it\/ibbr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Applications on the Understanding of Plant Chemistry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The discovery opens up various possibilities. One is to improve the selection process for producers, enhancing the flavor of olive oil and olives through genetics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Currently, producers select varieties with desired characteristics\u2014such as color, flavor, or shape\u2014and crossbreed them to obtain the desired product. However, <strong>this process can take years<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By knowing the genes associated with these characteristics, it is possible to predict which plants will produce olives with the best sensory profile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI can limit it to a smaller number of plants, by doing a genetic screening,\u201d says the researcher.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oleuropein and its derivatives could also be produced on a large scale, which have been studied for their <strong>potential effects against cardiovascular and metabolic diseases<\/strong>, such as <a href=\"\/en\/tag\/obesity\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">obesity<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Obtaining these molecules in large quantities is complicated, as it requires<strong> significant volumes of the fruit<\/strong>. In the future, this information could be used to transfer the genes to microorganisms such as yeast to produce them efficiently and study their therapeutic potential.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Towards the Design of Functional Foods<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This connects to a global challenge: obesity. Beyond calories or traditional nutrients, food contains a vast array of molecules that could influence <a href=\"\/en\/health\/pat-drying-your-taco-with-a-napkin\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">metabolism<\/a>. Understanding how these molecules are produced opens the door to designing functional foods that help regulate metabolic processes or even satiety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The olive tree and the way in which they discovered the metabolic pathway then becomes a model for exploring the therapeutic and nutritional potential of the plants we eat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In Mexico, this methodology and knowledge could be transferred to <strong>local crops<\/strong>, identifying beneficial compounds in traditional foods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cMeat has similar molecules, but plants have a great chemical diversity,\u201d says Rodr\u00edguez. \u201cIn my group, we want to study that diversity and how plants generate it.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Did you find this story interesting? Would you like to publish it? Contact our content editor to learn more: <a href=\"mailto:marianaleonm@tec.mx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">marianaleonm@tec.mx<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A new study reveals how the olive tree produces a key molecule with the potential to improve crops and combat metabolic diseases.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":172968,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[166],"class_list":["post-172964","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","tag-institute-for-obesity-research"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.0 (Yoast SEO v27.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Scientists Discover the Route 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