{"id":173353,"date":"2026-05-18T15:44:20","date_gmt":"2026-05-18T21:44:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/?p=173353"},"modified":"2026-05-25T10:13:59","modified_gmt":"2026-05-25T16:13:59","slug":"rainwater-harvesting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/cities-and-prosperous-communities\/rainwater-harvesting\/","title":{"rendered":"The Replicable Scientific Map for Finding the Best Places to Harvest Rainwater"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>A recent study developed a methodology to identify the areas where <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2212095525003554\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the systems of water collecting would have the greatest potential to decrease water demand and mitigate flooding<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rainwater harvesting could become one of the best tools to supply the water needs of Mexican cities and reduce the probability of future crises. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The research focused on the La Silla River basin,<strong> in the southern part of the Monterrey metropolitan area<\/strong>, a region that in recent years has experienced severe droughts, <a href=\"\/en\/science-communication\/sustainable-cities-whos-shaping-the-future-of-urban-living\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">accelerated urban growth<\/a>, and extreme rainfall events associated with <a href=\"\/en\/tag\/climate-change\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">climate change<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In response to these crises, governments in different states usually just encourage reduced consumption and expanding conventional infrastructure, such as aqueducts and wells, but they rarely use alternative strategies, despite their great potential.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cRainwater is the least expensive source we have because it is free, and it is also one of the least contaminated,\u201d says <a href=\"https:\/\/centrodelagua.tec.mx\/es\/semblanza\/dr-miguel-angel-lopez-zavala\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Miguel \u00c1ngel L\u00f3pez<\/a>, research professor at the <a href=\"\/en\/tag\/school-of-engineering-and-sciences\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">School of Engineering and Sciences<\/a> (EIC) at Tec de Monterrey and part of the <a href=\"\/en?s=water+360\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Water 360<\/a> group and the <a href=\"\/en\/tag\/water-center-for-latin-american-and-the-caribbean\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Water Center for Latin America and the Caribbean<\/a>, as well as one of the authors of the article.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The methodology they developed is <strong>replicable<\/strong> and can be used practically anywhere that has the necessary information and data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Escasez de agua en Chihuahua: c\u00f3mo la investigaci\u00f3n est\u00e1 ayudando a mitigarla\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/bgQxDm4TRSc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">English captions are available for: How Research is Dealing with Water Shortage in Chihuahua?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why the Best Place Isn\u2019t Where It Rains the Most<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The methodology consisted first of delimiting the study area, dividing the basin into a grid of 500 x 500 cells. Afterwards, they combined Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, a tool that allows factors to be compared and the most important ones to be prioritized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The identified parameters were grouped into: physical, ecological, and socioeconomic environment, with variables such as annual precipitation, catchment area, <a href=\"\/en\/cities-and-prosperous-communities\/floods-and-risk-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">extreme rainfall events<\/a>, <strong>slope, water demand, soil texture, population, and distance to water infrastructure.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Through the AHP and a questionnaire answered by water management experts, they classified the relevance of the parameters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cOur most important finding is that the best place to install them is not always where it rains the most,\u201d L\u00f3pez says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><picture>\r\n                <source srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2026\/05\/miguel-angel-lopez-zavala.webp\" type=\"image\/webp\">\r\n                <img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2026\/05\/miguel-angel-lopez-zavala.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-173394\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2026\/05\/miguel-angel-lopez-zavala.jpeg 350w, https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2026\/05\/miguel-angel-lopez-zavala-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2026\/05\/miguel-angel-lopez-zavala-150x150.jpeg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/>\r\n            <\/picture><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Miguel \u00c1ngel L\u00f3pez Zavala, researcher and professor.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Areas That Could Cover 100% of Water Demand<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Among the most important parameters are annual precipitation, the catchment area, extreme rainfall events, slope, and water demand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The analysis showed that the areas where it is most convenient to place them are in the middle basin of the La Silla River, where high water demand, greater population density, and favorable conditions for collecting it coincide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The study also calculated the water supply potential of some specific sites. In one of the analyzed areas, <strong>the collected rainwater could cover 100% of the annual non-potable water demand<\/strong>. In another, the percentage would reach 91.83%, while in a third it would reach 68.14%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In another case,<strong> there would even be surpluses<\/strong> that could be used for irrigation of green areas, small-scale urban agriculture, or cooling systems, according to the authors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><picture>\r\n                <source srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2026\/05\/QUOTES-WEB-DUPLICAR-13-1024x1024.webp\" type=\"image\/webp\">\r\n                <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2026\/05\/QUOTES-WEB-DUPLICAR-13-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-173395\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2026\/05\/QUOTES-WEB-DUPLICAR-13-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2026\/05\/QUOTES-WEB-DUPLICAR-13-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2026\/05\/QUOTES-WEB-DUPLICAR-13-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2026\/05\/QUOTES-WEB-DUPLICAR-13-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2026\/05\/QUOTES-WEB-DUPLICAR-13.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\r\n            <\/picture><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Collecting Rainwater can Also Prevent Flooding<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition to reducing pressure on conventional water sources, rainwater harvesting systems could decrease the risk of <a href=\"\/en\/human-social\/flood-prevention\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">flooding<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIf we start by collecting water on rooftops and open paved areas, we are going to reduce the water that flows into the streets,\u201d L\u00f3pez points out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The study detected important deficiencies in <strong>urban drainage infrastructure<\/strong>, especially in flat areas of the sub-basin, where intense rainfall increases the risk of structural damage and human losses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The authors also warn that disorganized urban growth around protected natural areas has encouraged the occupation of <a href=\"\/en\/cities-and-prosperous-communities\/urban-informality-in-latin-america-is-not-black-and-white\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">zones vulnerable<\/a> to landslides, flooding, and environmental degradation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This, added to the population growth that occurs year after year in cities, places them under enormous water stress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Barriers to Adopting Rainwater Harvesting<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Although over the years it has been shown that rainwater harvesting could contribute enormously to reducing water scarcity, governments in different states still have not fully adopted it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the researcher, one of the greatest limitations is that the rainy season is concentrated in four months, which makes it necessary to store the water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cHaving large storage systems <strong>discourages decision-makers<\/strong> because it would be very costly,\u201d the expert points out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, he insists that it <strong>is less costly<\/strong> than installing pipelines to bring water from 100 or 200 kilometers away.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWhat we do is optimize the storage system,\u201d he explains. \u201cYou do not need to store all the water from four months to use it for the rest of the year. The system works as a buffer <strong>between what comes in and what you consume.<\/strong>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The study focused on rainwater harvesting for industrial purposes, but the researcher says that at the level of homes and small businesses, between 30 and 35% of water demand could be covered through well-designed rainwater harvesting systems. And <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4441\/8\/6\/264\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">by combining it with greywater reuse, the savings could approach 90%<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The researcher has spent more than two decades working on technologies to collect, treat, store, and reuse rainwater.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition, they have <a href=\"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/wst\/article-abstract\/46\/6-7\/317\/9988\/Onsite-wastewater-differential-treatment-system\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">designed graywater and rainwater treatment systems<\/a> that result in water quality that complies with Mexican regulations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cBoth rainwater and graywater can be used for <strong>washing clothes, cleaning, bathing<\/strong>, all uses except direct consumption and cooking,\u201d the researcher says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A sustainable, Local, and Resilient Future Without Water Crises is Possible<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00f3pez\u2019s team has worked on pilot projects in homes, industries, and university buildings. One of them was installed in Residencias 15 at Tec de Monterrey, where they developed a system capable of collecting rainwater and <a href=\"\/en\/industrial-transformation\/clean-water-envintecs-eliminate-contaminants\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">treating graywater<\/a> to<strong> reuse it inside the building.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They have also carried out industrial projects. In a logistics company in Mexico City, he explains, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwaponline.com\/ws\/article\/18\/6\/1946\/39302\/Rainwater-harvesting-as-an-alternative-for-water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">they managed to cover 100% of the water demand through rainwater harvesting<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The researcher imagines a world where every home, shopping center, and parking lot has water collectors, graywater reuse systems, and streets built with infiltration trenches and materials that allow water to penetrate and recharge the basins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cPavers can be used instead of asphalt with concrete,\u201d the expert says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Biggest Obstacle Is Political<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Beyond technology, L\u00f3pez considers that the greatest obstacle is political and urban. Monterrey, he recalls, went from having 3 million inhabitants to almost 6 million in just two decades, a growth that no supply system can support.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Added to this is the lack of urban planning and regulations that force developers to incorporate sustainable solutions into new constructions that also endure through changes in government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cPoliticians <strong>prefer mega-projects because they look good politically<\/strong>,\u201d he says. \u201cAn aqueduct stands out more than thousands of small systems distributed throughout the city.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Even so, L\u00f3pez believes that the future of water will have to be more local, decentralized, and resilient. By combining these technologies, cities and vulnerable areas of Mexico could manage their own supply and reduce costs by millions of pesos in the long term.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAdding climate change to excessive urban growth, we are facing imminent water crises,\u201d L\u00f3pez says. \u201cIt is no longer a political issue, it is a matter of survival.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><strong><em>Did you find this story interesting? Would you like to publish it? Contact our content editor to learn more at\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:marianaleonm@tec.mx\">marianaleonm@tec.mx<\/a>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This is the best method for water supply, reducing flooding, and even using surplus water for green areas or urban agriculture.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":173393,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[559],"tags":[135,435],"class_list":["post-173353","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cities-and-prosperous-communities","tag-school-of-engineering-and-sciences","tag-water-center-for-latin-american-and-the-caribbean"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.0 (Yoast SEO v27.6) - 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