{"id":173594,"date":"2026-06-12T15:05:55","date_gmt":"2026-06-12T21:05:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/?p=173594"},"modified":"2026-06-12T15:06:11","modified_gmt":"2026-06-12T21:06:11","slug":"generalized-anxiety-disorder","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/health\/generalized-anxiety-disorder\/","title":{"rendered":"Living on Constant Alert: What Science Says About Generalized Anxiety Disorder"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>By <em>Myriam Vidal Valero<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On July 31, 2025, Miguel \u00c1ngel S\u00e1nchez experienced a panic attack that sent him to the hospital. The morning had started like any other until he was suddenly overcome by a feeling of nervousness. He tried to push it aside, but the sensation returned, causing his hands to curl and his face to go numb while his girlfriend called emergency services. He thought he was dying.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cDuring severe episodes of anxiety, such as a panic attack,<strong> it genuinely feels like we&#8217;re dying,<\/strong>\u201d Miguel \u00c1ngel says in an interview for TecScience and the Historias para Mentes Curiosas podcast episode about anxiety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since the beginning of the year, he had experienced similar symptoms, including shortness of breath, nervousness, dizziness, and vertigo. Yet no doctor could identify the cause.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That day, he finally received a diagnosis: <strong>generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)<\/strong>. He was referred to a psychiatrist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI felt very vulnerable,\u201d he says. For most of his life, he had believed that willpower alone was enough to overcome life&#8217;s challenges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI used to think <a href=\"\/en\/health\/online-therapy-telemedicine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">psychotherapy<\/a>, and especially psychiatric treatment, was something for weak people,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He was about to begin a treatment process that would force him to rethink everything.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-spotify wp-block-embed-spotify wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Spotify Embed: Ep. 142 - Ansiedad y ataques de p\u00e1nico: \u00bfpor qu\u00e9 tu cuerpo no puede apagar la alerta de peligro?\" style=\"border-radius: 12px\" width=\"100%\" height=\"152\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/embed\/episode\/2eZeKTGlhEGuO2pu5dWbA1?si=f8b9d7c43a544e2b&amp;utm_source=oembed\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What are Anxiety Disorders?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the World Health Organization (WHO), anxiety disorders are on the rise and affect more than 350 million people worldwide. They include conditions ranging from social anxiety disorder and selective mutism to the generalized anxiety disorder Miguel \u00c1ngel was diagnosed with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, <strong>anxiety<\/strong> is not the same thing as an anxiety disorder. Everyone is biologically wired to experience anxiety in everyday situations such as exams, job interviews, financial difficulties, or other stressful events.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAnxiety is also an adaptive mechanism that helps us respond to adverse circumstances,\u201d explains <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/carlos_arnaud\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dr. Carlos Alberto Arnaud Gil<\/a>, a psychiatrist specializing in consultation-liaison psychiatry and a professor at <a href=\"\/en\/tag\/tecsalud\/\" id=\"144\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">TecSalud<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-full\"><picture>\r\n                <source srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2026\/06\/BGrIbV4h_400x400.webp\" type=\"image\/webp\">\r\n                <img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2026\/06\/BGrIbV4h_400x400.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-173599\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2026\/06\/BGrIbV4h_400x400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2026\/06\/BGrIbV4h_400x400-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2026\/06\/BGrIbV4h_400x400-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/>\r\n            <\/picture><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Carlos Alberto Arnaud Gil, psychiatrist specializing in consultation-liaison psychiatry and a professor at <a href=\"\/en\/tag\/tecsalud\/\" id=\"144\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">TecSalud<\/a>. (Photo: Twitter)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Anxiety becomes a disorder when it is persistent, <\/strong>disproportionate to the situation at hand, and begins to interfere with <a href=\"\/en\/science-communication\/gen-z-and-mental-health\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">social life<\/a>, work, or rest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The causes of these disorders are multifactorial. They range from genetics, although genetics is not destiny, Arnaud notes, to personality traits and <a href=\"\/en\/cities-and-prosperous-communities\/the-neighborhood-early-childhood\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">social environment<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, prolonged exposure to stress or <strong>growing up in adverse conditions<\/strong> during childhood can increase the risk of developing an anxiety disorder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the molecular level, Dr. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uv.mx\/personal\/bbernal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Blandina Bernal Morales<\/a>, a researcher at the Institute of Neuroethology at the Universidad Veracruzana, explains that five key processes are involved in anxiety disorders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The first is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a connection between the brain and the body that activates in response to danger and releases hormones such as cortisol. When cortisol remains elevated for long periods, it can leave the body in a constant state of overactivation and fatigue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The second and third processes are neurogenesis, the formation of new neurons, and neuroplasticity, the strengthening and reorganization of neural connections. Together, these mechanisms help people adapt to stress and regulate emotions, but excessive stress can disrupt both.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The final two are inflammation and <a href=\"\/en\/health\/what-is-toxic-stress\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">oxidative stress<\/a>. Inflammation can allow harmful substances to enter the brain and damage neurons, while oxidative stress refers to a chemical imbalance that harms neurons and disrupts communication between them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><picture>\r\n                <source srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2026\/06\/QUOTES-WEB-DUPLICAR-23-1024x1024.webp\" type=\"image\/webp\">\r\n                <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2026\/06\/QUOTES-WEB-DUPLICAR-23-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-173604\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2026\/06\/QUOTES-WEB-DUPLICAR-23-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2026\/06\/QUOTES-WEB-DUPLICAR-23-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2026\/06\/QUOTES-WEB-DUPLICAR-23-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2026\/06\/QUOTES-WEB-DUPLICAR-23-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2026\/06\/QUOTES-WEB-DUPLICAR-23.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\r\n            <\/picture><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can Anxiety Disorders be Cured?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In psychiatry, it is difficult to speak in terms of a cure because every case is different, Arnaud explains. However, effective treatments exist, and many patients, including Miguel \u00c1ngel, are able to regain control of their lives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cLately, I&#8217;ve even forgotten that I have generalized anxiety disorder,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since receiving his diagnosis, he has followed a <strong>treatment plan that combines medication<\/strong> with cognitive behavioral therapy, the approach most commonly recommended for his condition, along with a balanced diet, regular exercise, and abstaining from alcohol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Meanwhile, researchers around the world are working to develop new treatments for anxiety disorders. <strong>Transcranial magnetic stimulation,<\/strong> a noninvasive and painless form of brain stimulation delivered through the skull, has emerged as an alternative for patients who do not respond to medication, Arnaud explains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Researchers are also developing drugs <strong>that target inflammation and oxidative stress,<\/strong> Bernal says. However, she believes some of the most promising work focuses on resilience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt is incredibly interesting to understand how resilience works at the cellular and molecular level so that we can develop targeted treatments and use them in people who are particularly vulnerable,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The experts agree that anxiety is not something that can be overcome through willpower alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt is not a matter of choice or determination. It is the result of altered brain chemistry. It is unquestionably an organic, biological condition,\u201d Bernal explains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Miguel \u00c1ngel agrees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He knows he cannot let his guard down and that anxiety could return if he stops treatment without medical supervision. Yet the experience has transformed his perspective on mental health and life itself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cMy family relationships have improved tremendously,\u201d he says. \u201cThe decision I made after that panic attack has been one of the most important decisions of my life.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><strong><em>Did you find this story interesting? Would you like to publish it? Contact our content editor to learn more at\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:marianaleonm@tec.mx\">marianaleonm@tec.mx<\/a>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Anxiety is an adaptive response to adversity, but it becomes a disorder when it manifests in specific ways.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":173598,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[144],"class_list":["post-173594","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","tag-tecsalud"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.0 (Yoast SEO v27.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What Science Says About Generalized Anxiety Disorder | TecScience<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Anxiety is 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