{"id":165302,"date":"2024-10-10T17:25:50","date_gmt":"2024-10-10T23:25:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/?post_type=sciencecommunication&p=165302"},"modified":"2024-10-10T17:55:54","modified_gmt":"2024-10-10T23:55:54","slug":"gen-z-and-mental-health","status":"publish","type":"sciencecommunication","link":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/science-communication\/gen-z-and-mental-health\/","title":{"rendered":"Mindfulness, Exercise, and Habits: How Gen Z Manages Their Physical and Mental Health"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

By Mar\u00eda de la Paz Toldos Romero<\/a>, Lorena de la Paz Carrete Lucero<\/a> y Alejandro Alvarado Herrera<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gen Z makes up nearly 20% of Mexico’s Population (World Population Review, 2024). According to the McKinsey Health Institute’s (MHI) 2022 Global Gen Z Survey, its members are more likely to suffer from mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, centennials also show a greater interest in their physical and mental health<\/strong> than previous generations (Coe et al., 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They turn to both conventional and alternative therapies, like meditation, and use digital tools to monitor their health, helping to normalize conversations about these topics and break taboos (Wyman, 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, where self-care and mental health are gaining increasing importance, and Gen Z is emerging as a driving force behind these changes, it’s crucial for employers looking to hire young talent to understand the needs, behaviors, and emotional challenges they face.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To gain a comprehensive view of this, researchers from the \u201cResponsible Production, Marketing, and Consumption\u201d<\/a> group at Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey studied the perceptions, opinions, and experiences of 589 centennials regarding their physical and mental health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Physical Health vs. Mental Health<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Physical health generally refers to bodily well-being and optimal functioning, supported by proper diet, exercise, sleep, and stress management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mental health is emotional, psychological, and social well-being that allows individuals to reach their full potential, manage daily stress, be productive, and contribute to their community (WHO, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emotional well-being involves managing and understanding emotions, while psychological well-being includes self-acceptance, autonomy, purpose, personal growth, environmental mastery, and positive relationships (Ryff, 1989). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Last but not least, social well-being refers to fulfilling relationships and the ability to adapt to various social environments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Health Risk Behaviors<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Gen Z shows a growing concern for their physical health, with habits that reflect their interest in leading a healthy lifestyle and adopting preventive health behaviors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nearly 46% of the study participants eat three meals daily, 34% consume fruits and vegetables, and 61.3% eat breakfast daily, showing concern for a healthy diet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, vitamins or natural supplements are low accessed (less than 30% use them regularly).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regarding physical exercise, 21.9% exercise daily, and 70% prefer walking as much as possible, seeing it as a way to reduce stress and improve their mood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Around 60% sleep well during the week, though only 27% set aside time for relaxation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite these healthy habits, risky behaviors persist. About 20% of centennials eat junk food almost daily, and approximately 30% frequently consume three or more caffeinated drinks such as coffee, tea, or soda, indicating a need for greater awareness of these behaviors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emotional and Social Well-Being<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In our study, emotional well-being focused on the experience of positive emotions and overall life satisfaction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The results show that most Gen Z members frequently experience positive emotions like joy (77%), interest in life (over 75%), and satisfaction with their existence (more than two-thirds).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Only 11% expressed dissatisfaction with their life, and 8% reported little interest in it\u2014cases that, while few, should be taken into account.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Most young Gen Z participants perceive their psychological well-being positively, with high self-acceptance and personal satisfaction: 78.4% feel satisfied with their lives, and 77.2% are confident in themselves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Additionally, around 85% appreciate their personality and feel proud of who they are and the life they lead.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Personal growth in Gen Z shows a strong inclination toward continuous development: 81.4% enjoy planning their future and working on their goals, and 80.5% find satisfaction in their life objectives. However, 16.3% are still unclear about their life’s direction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regarding environmental mastery, Gen Z reports the ability to manage their environment and create favorable conditions for their well-being. Yet, 41.9% feel overwhelmed by daily demands, 85.4% take responsibility for their situation, and 78.8% are willing to act to change it if necessary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Closeness and Trust<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Regarding interpersonal relationships, about 87% value friendship and trust their friends. However, the percentage of those experiencing loneliness is significant: 42.9% often feel lonely (due to having few friends to share concerns with), and more than half (56.4%) lack close trusting relationships.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Notably, 80.8% trust their opinions, even on controversial topics, but 46% have difficulty expressing them, and 35.2% are affected by others’ opinions. Indeed 25.2% are influenced by people with strong convictions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regarding social well-being, most young people perceive their social integration positively: around 66% feel part of a community and believe they have something valuable to contribute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, uncertainty exists regarding human kindness and societal function, as 45.4% don’t consider society a good place or improving, compared to 34.7% who do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another interesting finding is that 44.4% believe people are inherently good, while the rest disagree. This contrasts with their emotional well-being, where positive emotions and life satisfaction prevail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gen Z Employers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The study results reveal significant opportunities for organizations looking to integrate Mexican centennials into their workforce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Understanding their emotional challenges and unique behaviors, particularly their growing interest in physical and mental health, will allow companies to develop differentiated value propositions aligned with their self-care, healthy nutrition, and exercise priorities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Gen Z already accounts for 24% of the global workforce and continues to grow (Manpower Group, 2023), companies have a key opportunity to attract this young talent and promote workplace well-being with a special focus on mental health resources, which are particularly valued by this generation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For the full study<\/em>, <\/a>click here<\/a>.
For the complete series of reports on Gen Z from the Tec Business School, visit https:\/\/investigacionnegocios.tec.mx\/es\/genz<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

References <\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Coe, E., Enomoto, K., & Healy, C. (2023). Gen Z mental health: the impact of tech and social media<\/a><\/em>. McKinsey Health Institute.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Manpower Group (2023). Informe de Tendencias Laborales 2023: Nuevo Informe de la Era Humana<\/a><\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. OMS. Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud (17 de junio 2022). Salud mental: fortalecer nuestra respuesta<\/a>.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Ryff, C.D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being<\/a>. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57<\/em>, 1069\u20131081.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. World Population Review. (2024). Mexico Population 2024 (Live)<\/em><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. Wyman, O. (2023). What business needs to know about the generation changing everything<\/a><\/em>. In Oliver Wyman Forum.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Authors <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Mar\u00eda de la Paz Toldos Romero<\/strong>. Full-time professor and researcher at the Business School of Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey<\/a>. She holds a PhD in Psychology from the Complutense University of Madrid and completed a Postdoctoral Fellowship in Marketing at Tulane University. Since 2009, she has been a Level I member of Mexico’s National System of Researchers, and she leads the Research Group on Responsible Production, Marketing, and Consumption at the Tec Business School.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Lorena de la Paz Carrete Lucero<\/strong>. Full-time professor and researcher at the Business School of Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey. She earned her PhD in Business-to-Business Marketing from Lyon 3 University, France. She is a National System of Researchers member and the “Responsible Production, Marketing, and Consumption” Group. Her research focuses on sustainable purchasing and consumption behaviors, healthy and eco-friendly brands, and social media.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Alejandro Alvarado Herrera<\/strong>. Professor and researcher at the Business School of Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey. He holds a PhD in Marketing from the University of Valencia <\/em>and completed a Postdoctoral Fellowship in Data Analytics at the University of Texas at San Antonio<\/em>. He is the national director of the undergraduate marketing program at Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Employers should recognize Gen Z’s focus on their well-being, despite the emotional challenges they face, such as anxiety and depression.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":165303,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-165302","sciencecommunication","type-sciencecommunication","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nGen Z and Mental Health | TecScience<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Employers should recognize Gen Z's focus on their well-being, despite the emotional challenges they face, such as anxiety and depression.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/science-communication\/gen-z-and-mental-health\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mindfulness, Exercise, and Habits: How Gen Z Manages Their Physical and Mental Health\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Employers should recognize Gen Z's focus on their well-being, despite the emotional challenges they face, such as anxiety and depression.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/science-communication\/gen-z-and-mental-health\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"TecScience\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-10-10T23:55:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/10\/gen-z-and-mental-health.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"750\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/science-communication\\\/gen-z-and-mental-health\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/science-communication\\\/gen-z-and-mental-health\\\/\",\"name\":\"Gen Z and Mental Health | TecScience\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/science-communication\\\/gen-z-and-mental-health\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/science-communication\\\/gen-z-and-mental-health\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/9\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/gen-z-and-mental-health.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-10-10T23:25:50+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-10-10T23:55:54+00:00\",\"description\":\"Employers should recognize Gen Z's focus on their well-being, despite the emotional challenges they face, such as anxiety and depression.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/science-communication\\\/gen-z-and-mental-health\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/science-communication\\\/gen-z-and-mental-health\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/science-communication\\\/gen-z-and-mental-health\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/9\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/gen-z-and-mental-health.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/9\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/gen-z-and-mental-health.png\",\"width\":750,\"height\":500,\"caption\":\"Gen Z is increasingly focused on their physical health, embracing habits that reflect their interest in a healthy lifestyle and preventive health behaviors. Photo: Getty Images\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/science-communication\\\/gen-z-and-mental-health\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Science Communication\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/science-communication\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Mindfulness, Exercise, and Habits: How Gen Z Manages Their Physical and Mental Health\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"TecScience\",\"description\":\"-\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"TecScience\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/9\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/logo-negro-tecscience.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/9\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/logo-negro-tecscience.svg\",\"width\":250,\"height\":38,\"caption\":\"TecScience\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/tecscience.tec.mx\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Gen Z and Mental Health | TecScience","description":"Employers should recognize Gen Z's focus on their well-being, despite the emotional challenges they face, such as anxiety and depression.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/science-communication\/gen-z-and-mental-health\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Mindfulness, Exercise, and Habits: How Gen Z Manages Their Physical and Mental Health","og_description":"Employers should recognize Gen Z's focus on their well-being, despite the emotional challenges they face, such as anxiety and depression.","og_url":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/science-communication\/gen-z-and-mental-health\/","og_site_name":"TecScience","article_modified_time":"2024-10-10T23:55:54+00:00","og_image":[{"width":750,"height":500,"url":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/10\/gen-z-and-mental-health.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/science-communication\/gen-z-and-mental-health\/","url":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/science-communication\/gen-z-and-mental-health\/","name":"Gen Z and Mental Health | TecScience","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/science-communication\/gen-z-and-mental-health\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/science-communication\/gen-z-and-mental-health\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/10\/gen-z-and-mental-health.png","datePublished":"2024-10-10T23:25:50+00:00","dateModified":"2024-10-10T23:55:54+00:00","description":"Employers should recognize Gen Z's focus on their well-being, despite the emotional challenges they face, such as anxiety and depression.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/science-communication\/gen-z-and-mental-health\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/science-communication\/gen-z-and-mental-health\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/science-communication\/gen-z-and-mental-health\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/10\/gen-z-and-mental-health.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2024\/10\/gen-z-and-mental-health.png","width":750,"height":500,"caption":"Gen Z is increasingly focused on their physical health, embracing habits that reflect their interest in a healthy lifestyle and preventive health behaviors. Photo: Getty Images"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/science-communication\/gen-z-and-mental-health\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Science Communication","item":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/science-communication\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Mindfulness, Exercise, and Habits: How Gen Z Manages Their Physical and Mental Health"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/","name":"TecScience","description":"-","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/#organization","name":"TecScience","url":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2022\/11\/logo-negro-tecscience.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2022\/11\/logo-negro-tecscience.svg","width":250,"height":38,"caption":"TecScience"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/sciencecommunication\/165302","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/sciencecommunication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/sciencecommunication"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=165302"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/sciencecommunication\/165302\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/165303"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=165302"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=165302"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=165302"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}