{"id":173155,"date":"2026-04-24T15:34:28","date_gmt":"2026-04-24T21:34:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/?post_type=sciencecommunication&p=173155"},"modified":"2026-04-27T16:10:11","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T22:10:11","slug":"microplastics-and-aquifers-2","status":"publish","type":"sciencecommunication","link":"https:\/\/tecscience.tec.mx\/en\/science-communication\/microplastics-and-aquifers-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Microplastics Beneath the Surface: Their Journey Through Soils, Crops, and Groundwater"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

By\u00a0Manish Kumar<\/a>,\u00a0Priyansha Gupta<\/a>,\u00a0\u00a0Shiwangi Dogra<\/a>,\u00a0\u00a0Dibyendu\u00a0<\/a>Sarkar<\/a>,\u00a0\u00a0Abrahan Mora<\/a>,\u00a0Nancy Ornelas-Soto<\/a>,\u00a0Jurgen Mahlknecht<\/a>,\u00a0and\u00a0Igor Ishi Rubio-Cisneros.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Microplastics are increasingly being detected in soils, rivers, and even underground aquifers\u2014systems essential to ecosystem stability and human well-being.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The body of scientific evidence, \u201cPropensity and Repercussion of Microplastics in the Soil\u2013Water\u2013Urban Continuum,\u201d<\/em><\/a> compiles and analyzes current research on the behavior of microplastics across the soil\u2013water\u2013urban interface. The analysis shows that these particles can migrate both horizontally and vertically, sometimes reaching groundwater aquifers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The studies reviewed make clear that microplastics are not confined to oceans or urban waste sites. Wind, contaminated runoff, and the breakdown of urban debris all contribute to their spread and accumulation across a wide range of environments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Microplastics and Plasticulture<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Microplastics\u2014plastic particles smaller than 5 millimeters, often invisible to the naked eye\u2014are increasingly pervasive. Once released into the environment, they can persist for decades and are extremely difficult to remove. Scientists often describe them as a \u201clow-reversibility pollutant,\u201d meaning plastics linger long after their original use has ended.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Understanding why microplastics are present in soils starts with identifying their sources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In agricultural settings, one of the main contributors is plasticulture\u2014the widespread use of plastic materials in farming. Plastic mulches, thin films (typically 150 to 200 micrometers thick), containers, and packaging are widely used to boost crop yields and improve efficiency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another source is the application of treated sewage sludge\u2014known as biosolids\u2014as agricultural fertilizer. These materials, along with wastewater used for irrigation, contain plastic fragments that gradually accumulate in the soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unlike water, soils can retain microplastics for long periods, increasing the likelihood that they will interact with organic matter, microorganisms, and other chemical contaminants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has warned that soils may contain even more plastic pollution than marine environments. A growing body of research shows that regions with intensive agriculture tend to have higher concentrations of microplastics in soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In some cases, these particles have been detected in plant tissues\u2014including tomatoes\u2014raising concerns about their potential entry into the food chain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Airborne and Subsurface Contamination<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Microplastics don\u2019t necessarily stay where they are first deposited. Over time, they weather and travel to remote regions, including areas with little industrial activity. Lighter particles can become airborne and move long distances on the wind. Major sources include textile fibers shed during everyday wear, industrial emissions, tire wear, and the breakdown of coated materials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once in the atmosphere, microplastics can redeposit onto agricultural soils and urban areas, or settle into surface waters far from their point of origin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Surface activities\u2014such as wastewater discharge, runoff, and irrigation\u2014also promote the infiltration of microplastics, especially in the soil\u2019s unsaturated zone, allowing particles to reach deeper aquifers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Recent studies show that microplastics can penetrate subsurface environments through soil pores, fractures, and karst systems, such as cenotes, with higher concentrations observed during extreme weather events.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Groundwater accounts for roughly 97% of the planet\u2019s accessible freshwater, yet it has received relatively little attention in microplastics research. Once underground, these particles can persist for long periods, raising concerns about drinking water quality and the long-term functioning of aquifer systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In urban areas, household washing machines are a significant source of synthetic microfibers, many of which are not fully removed by wastewater treatment plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some facilities may release hundreds of millions of microplastic particles per day, which ultimately make their way into rivers, soils, and aquifers, both at the surface and below ground.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taking Action on Microplastics<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Why should we be concerned about microscopic plastics in flood-prone areas, agricultural soils, and groundwater? Because microplastics are no longer an abstract environmental issue. They are now embedded in the systems that sustain food production, water availability, and human health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This review is especially timely as human activity pushes natural systems beyond their capacity to regenerate. Plastic production and consumption have outpaced waste management and environmental recovery, driving accumulation in places not designed to store or filter these materials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Understanding how microplastics move through soil and water helps reframe soils and aquifers as living systems\u2014not just passive containers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Microplastics interact with materials and processes present in nearly all natural systems that regulate water flow, filter pollutants, and support the ecosystems on which human life depends. Their distribution is complex and often unexpected, reflecting broader patterns of land use, urbanization, and resource management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is also growing evidence that microplastics can enter the human body through food, air, and water. Once inside, they may interact with cells, trigger inflammatory responses, and act as carriers for microorganisms, including bacteria associated with antibiotic resistance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Moving Beyond Plastics<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In agriculture, alternatives such as biodegradable mulches and regenerative practices can reduce reliance on conventional plastics while improving soil health. In cities, better waste management and more effective filtration systems at wastewater treatment plants can limit the release of microplastics into the environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flood-prone regions show greater infiltration of these particles into deeper soil layers, suggesting that climate change and extreme weather events could worsen microplastic contamination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nature-based solutions\u2014such as green infrastructure, permeable surfaces, and vegetation restoration\u2014can help retain water, reduce runoff during extreme events, and trap particles before they migrate into deeper systems. These strategies link environmental protection with urban resilience and climate adaptation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Addressing microplastic pollution in environmental systems does not hinge on a single fix. It requires coordinated action across agriculture, urban planning, water management, and consumer behavior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reducing microplastic pollution is not just about recycling or removing existing plastics\u2014it means rethinking how materials flow through our landscapes and economies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Main reference<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Kumar, M., Gupta, P., Dogra, S., Sarkar, D., Mora, A., Ornelas-Soto, N., & Mahlknecht, J. (2025). Propensity and repercussion of microplastics in the soil-water-urban continuum<\/a>. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 104663. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Authors<\/strong>
<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Manish Kumar.<\/strong> Research professor at the School of Engineering and Sciences at Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey.<\/a> He is an international associate member of the Japan Society of Water Environment. His research spans multiple aspects of the fate, transport, and remediation of geogenic, microbial, and emerging contaminants in water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Priyansha Gupta.<\/strong> Postdoctoral researcher at the School of Engineering and Sciences<\/a> at Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, where she also collaborates with the institution\u2019s Water Center. She specializes in environmental chemistry and contaminant dynamics. Her work focuses on the monitoring, fate, and mitigation of emerging contaminants\u2014including microplastics, pesticides, plasticizers, PFAS, and persistent organic pollutants\u2014in aquatic and agroecological systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shiwangi Dogra.<\/strong> PhD student at Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey. Her research addresses the critical issue of \u201cemerging contaminants\u201d that contribute to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), with a particular focus on wastewater and pesticides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dibyendu Sarkar.<\/strong> Professor in the Department of Civil, Environmental, and Ocean Engineering at the Charles V. Schaefer, Jr. School of Engineering and Science at Stevens Institute of Technology; founding director of the Stevens Center for Sustainability; and adjunct research professor at Michigan Technological University.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abrahan Mora.<\/strong> Research professor at the School of Engineering and Sciences at Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey<\/a>. His doctoral research focused on the spatiotemporal variation of organic matter and major and trace dissolved elements in the Orinoco River system. He has also worked as a postdoctoral researcher at the Water Center for Latin America and the Caribbean at Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nancy Ornelas-Soto.<\/strong> Research professor in the Department of Sciences at the School of Engineering and Sciences at Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey<\/a>. She is a member of the Water Science and Technology group. Her background integrates analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, and vibrational spectroscopy with nanomaterials, biosensors, and biocatalysis to address complex environmental challenges. She is a Level II member of Mexico\u2019s National System of Researchers (SNI).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

J\u00fcrgen Mahlknecht.<\/strong> Research professor at the School of Engineering and Sciences<\/a> at Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey and head of the Water Science and Technology Research Group. He is a Level III member of Mexico\u2019s National System of Researchers (SNI), a member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences, and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (UK). He currently serves as president of the Mexican chapter of the International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Igor Ishi Rubio-Cisneros.<\/strong> Postdoctoral researcher at the School of Engineering and Sciences at Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey<\/a>. In 2024, he began collaborating with the School of Architecture, Art, and Design (EAAD) as a designer of regenerative environments. He has also worked with the Water Center at the Monterrey campus, drawing on his PhD in Geosciences and training as a geological engineer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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